Bhaskar And Marx: The Comparative Study About Social Change Theory

Roy Bhaskar, the initiator of critical realism, is one of the most initiative and influential philosophers in contemporary era, whose philosophy theory of rebuilding ontology becomes the distinct features of critical realism. With the development of dialectical critical realism, the emergence of Bhaskar's social transformation mode makes people's further comprehension of social structure and subjectivity have a new analysis method and thinking direction, as well as provides a new theory structure to realize the optimum interaction between society and human beings, which has not only enriched the development of Marx's social theory research, but also provided the theoretical support for optimization of China's social structure. This paper is mainly to introduce the relative theoretical concepts of social activities'transformation modes, compare it with Marx's social transformation theory and discuss it systematically, so as to conclude the link between Bhaskar's social structure theory and Marx's social transformation theory, and draw out the contribution of Marx's social theory research, and the realistic theoretical significance to China's social structure transformation study. First, systematically summarizes the basic features and principles of Bhaskar's critical realism social theory, and induces the social activities transformation mode's theory. This part includes four basic features---the difference between ontology and epistemology, ontology of social stratification, stratification and emergence of social ontology, and distinct spirit of interpretative critical, and also the four elements of Bhaskar's critical realism theory--- the ontology of social reality, the negativity of social reality, the totality of social reality, and the initiative of transformation. Second, briefly describes the comparison between Marx's and Bhaskar's social transformation theories from the three aspects--- subjectivity, the practice of changing society, humanity spirit orientation, and draw the following conclusion:from the philosophy perspective, Bhaskar deeply analyzes the immanency and its relationship with human beings, deepens and enlarges Marx's views of practice and dynamic, which defends the decency of Marxism and enriches Marx's social structure theory. Finally, discusses the significance of Bhaskar's social structure theory from the aspects of theory development and practical values.