Land-Lost Farmers' Rights And Interests Protection In China At The Ethics

At present our country has entered into the boosting developmental stage of urbanization. With the quickening of the process of industrialization and urbanization, the demand of land expropriation also strengthen ceaselessly. A large of agricultural land has been the requisition of land. So more and more farmers living on it lost their land and became the people: farming without land, employment without position, low without guarantee, and gradually developed into one of the new social disadvantaged groups - lost-cropland peasants. It is the inevitable trend to industrialization and urbanization with the development of modern economic and social. The land-lost farmers is phenomenon accompanied in this process. The key point of the problem is that the farmer lost not only land, but many rights related land all impaired seriously by landless. Under the phenomenon of the farmers land-losing, there exist the essence of losing rights and interests. For the long-term, the "land" in China is farmers' daily bread, and the double bottom lines with basic production material and basic life safeguard security function. The basic survival bottom line of the peasants were threatened and challenged because of lossing land. The problems of losing-land farmers highlighted increasingly, and became a serious social problem. It causes many social contradictions, and affects the economic development and social security and stability. Therefore, under the historical background of deep-going and carrying out the scientific concept of development of the "people-oriented", speeding up the socialism new rural construction and the construction of harmonious society in our country, it is our important issue, we must face, to pay more attention and solve the problems protecting farmers' rights and interests.This thesis tries to probe into the problems of protecting land-losing farmers' rights and interests from ethics perspective, with the basic ethical value such as fairness, justice, freedom, equality, harmony as the main guiding principle, using the theory of urbanization, social security, harmonious society and the relevant experience of the domestic and foreign countries for reference, and fusing multidisciplinary synthetic knowledge as law, sociology, management science etc. In the researching approaches, it mainly utilizes the methods of combining theory with practice, unifying history and logic, comparative analysis and researches the thesis from the multi-layered and multi-angle systematic analysis and integration.The protecting of land-losing farmers' rights and interests is not only a social problem, but also the political problems. It is both the inherent requirement of the ethical principles social justice and fair and the inevitable choice for maintaining social stability and constructing the harmonious society. The damage of farmers' rights and interests covers many aspects as political rights, economic rights and social rights. It is mainly represented for the imperfection of land property rights economically, inequality of the democratic rights politically, insufficiency of the protective from the social rights and interests and desolating of the basic personality rights from the spiritual rights etc. The reason of causing land-losing farmers' rights and interests is multifarious. Analyzing from ethical dimensions, it manifests that the rights of peasants'land property unclearly in the relationship of interests and the right of the free trading lost caused the unbalance of farmers' rights and interests; the vulnerable position of farmers in the process of the expropriation of land, the irrational distribution in the criterion of compensation and resettlement and the value-added effectives of land highlighted the lack of justice in the compensate distribution; the ignorance of farmers' rights and interests under the dual economic and social structure reflects the discrimination to regime and the hinder of the free development of farmer; the weakening of the rural social security and the imperfect mechanism led to the lack of relief to farmers' rights and interests. Therefore, it is the ethic basis of land-losing farmers' rights and interests insisting on the basic idea of social justice, equality of rights and harmonious development, paying attention to the protection of farmers' rights basic as subsistence, dignity and development of land-lost farmers, which reflects the ethical goals of the substantial justice for the rational regression, the human-oriented being care and the all-round development of human being. The realization of land-losing farmers' rights and interests depends on establishing a fair and balanced mechanism in the land interests relationship; reshaping the guide of the fair value in the land expropriation system; planning as a whole the development of urban and rural, gradually eliminating dual social system, and also returning the free development rights to farmers; Meanwhile, inclining to farmers, the inferior group, in the social security system, realizing the ethical care under the principle of the compensate justice.