A Study Of Poems Of Liu's Family In The Latter Half Of Ming Dynasty, Qingzhou City

In recent years, the study of region literature and family literature has become a hot topic, which is bond to be necessary for the construction of a complete literary history. If we say the development of literature like a river, then region literature and family literature are its branches. Liu's Family of Qingzhou in Ming Dynasty is just such an example, which is rich in distinctive region features. The case study of it will be of positive meanings in understanding the Ming Dynasty literature history on the whole. Although Liu Xu was not so famous in literature history, he was still an important member of the poetic circles of Shandong in the middle of Ming Dynasty. His poetry creation as well as two of his grandsons'--iu Chengfu and Liu Yuanfu, had had an important effect on the poetry circles of Qingzhou, and even the whole Shandong poetry circles. To some extent, Liu Xu took a part in the leading of the fashion.The first part of this paper introduces the creative features of poetry circles in Shandong as well as in Qingzhou, in the early Ming Dynasty. The rise of Shandong began in Ming dynasty, and Qingzhou was one of the two poetry circles in Shandong. In Ming Dynasty, Shandong Province is famous for its imperial examination among the northern provinces, and family literature began to rise, in which circumstances did Liu's Family emerged. To start with the Shandong poetry style, and then focus on the poetry circles of Qingzhou, I intend to analyse the rise and development circumstances of Liu's family literature.The second part introduces the history of Liu's family at first, their earliest ancestor is General Liu Bagong, who lived in Yuan and Ming Dynasties. He went to Yanghe Village, Shouguang County, Qingzhou city to escape the war. Liu's family were deeply influenced by Confucianism, they were they were industrious and thrifty in managing the household, as well as abided strictly by the etiquette and moral principle. After the world was at peace, Liu Xu took the road to imperial examinations. Starting with Liu Xu, Liu's family performed really well in the imperial examinations in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Seven of them obtained top three in the examinations, and nine of them were Jurens. Thus, Liu's family was a huge official family that rose ahead in Qingzhou. Liu Xu (1426--1490) was the core of Liu's family, thirteen years of Zhengtong examination. He was officer to ministers of Revenue department, and entered the cabinet to participate in the important government affairs for more than ten years. His works Guzhi Collected Work and Qinggong Syllabus were inherited till now. Liu Xu was filial to his parents, at the same time honest and tolerant in household management. He was one of the most famous Confucian virtuous ministers, and his career was set down in History of the Ming Dynasty.The third part mainly talks about Liu Xu's literature creation. The first segment is his poetry creation. More than two hundred of Liu Xu's poetries has inherited till now. Although they were not huge in quantity, still they included many fields. Liu Xu lived in the era when "officialese style" was famous all over the country. Though his works were influenced by the "officialese style", still he tried hard to get rid of its influence to drive the literature to move forward, judging from his creation. Liu Xu's sermons were really characteristic. They were the original papers he used to teach the emperor, as well as the distinctive reflection of his political ideals. Liu Xu's ancient style proses were rich in contents, which included Memorial, Depicting, Edicts, Policy Consultation, Noting, Prodrome and Review, almost all types of writing. In this part, I will briefly comb Liu's social network.The fourth part introduces the poetry creations of Liu Xu's futurities, as well as the creation source of their poetries. Liu's family never gave up their poetry creation after Liu Xu was dead, and they even show extraordinary talents, when it comes to Liu Xu's grandsons Liu Chengfu and Liu Yuanfu. They became the leaders of the poetic circles of Qingzhou, acting as important members in " Haidai Poetry Club", and made a significant contribution to make Qingzhou the poetic center in the latter Ming Dynasty. The second segment of this chapter will discuss the style change of Liu's poetries, in the circumstance that the "officialese style" was changing, from the view of poetry's spread and change. To observe how it was inherit and innovate from a broad cultural environment, as well as the contribution of "Haidai Poetic Club" to make Qingzhou being the poetic center, in which Chengfu and Yuanfu took a part in.