Influences Of Sleep-disordered Breathing On Children's Height And Weight And Cognitive Function

Objective: By comparing preschool age and school age children's growing development indicators and cognitive test scores in order to find objective evidence of the influences of sleep-disordered breathing on height and weight and cognitive function in children of different ages and investigate the pathogenesis, as well as to provide the basis for intervention in improving the best quality of life for children.Methods: 129 patients who were suffered from snoring,mouth breathing with or without apnea and hospitalized in the Affiliated Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery from Nov.2009 to Feb.2011 were randomly selected.All of them were examined by polysomnography for at least 7 hours at night. There were 94 cases in male and 35 cases in female.They were at the age between 4 and 12 years old.①according to children of different ages using different cognitive tests, the 129 subjects were divided into preschool age group and school age group; 68 cases of children were divided into the preschool age group while 61 cases of children into the school age group;②according to the diagnostic criteria of children with OSAHS and PS ,the preschool age group and the school age group were divided into OSAHS group and PS group respectively. Contrast OSAHS group and PS group in height,weight and BMI by different stages. From the local kindergarten and primary school, we selected randomly 60 cases of healthy children without snoring, mouth breathing, apnea or other symptoms and meet the exclusion criteria of the study as control group, whose age, sex, height, weight and sources were similar with the study groups.There were 30 cases of preschool age and 30 cases of school age. We recorded the result of children with OSAHS and PS By Chinese Wechsler Intelligence Scale for infants and children and the number excluded test.And they were compared with the control group at the same age;SPSS16.0 statistical package was used for statistical analysis.Results:⑴Height and Weight①Between the OSAHS group and the PS group of preschool age,the age composition,sex ratio,weight,the differences between OSAHS group and PS group did not reach statistical significance(P>0.05);the levels of height of OSAHS group were more lower than PS children, while the levels of BMI were higher than PS group, the differences were significant(P<0.01).②Between the OSAHS group and the PS group of school age ,the age composition,sex ratio,height,the differences between OSAHS group and PS group did not reach statistical significance(P>0.05);the levels of weight and BMI of OSAHS group were more higher than PS children, the differences were significant(P<0.01);⑵Between OSAHS group and PS group of preschool age and school age, SWS%,REM% ,the differences between the two groups did not show statistical significance (P>0.05);but OAI and AHI of OSAHS group were higher than that of PS group (P<0.01),lowest oxygen saturation was significantly lower than PS group (P<0.01);⑶cognitive function①VIQ and FIQ of OSAHS group were significantly lower than control group and PS group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.01),while PIQ was not significantly different(P>0.05);PS group showed no significant difference, compared with control group(P>0.05);In Wechsler Intelligence Scale subtests,the scores of the chidren of preschool age group with OSAHS in knowledge, arithmetic, picture summary, understanding and operation of animal eggs were lower than ones with PS(P<0.05),while others sub-tests were no significant difference(P>0.05);There was significant different between OSAHS group and control group in others tests except geometric figure(P<0.05);the scores of the chidren of preschool age group with PS in arithmetic,operation of animal eggs,painting pack,maze were lower than ones in control group,the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05);②PIQ and FIQ of OSAHS group were significantly lower than control group and PS group, the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05);PS group showed no significant difference,compared with control group(P>0.05);In Wechsler Intelligence Scale subtests,the scores of the chidren of school age group with OSAHS in card arrangement,wood pattern and coding were lower than ones with PS (P<0.01);while others sub-tests were no significant difference (P>0.05);There was significant different between OSAHS group and control group in others tests except numerical span(P<0.05);the scores of the chidren of school age group with PS in classification, vocabulary, understading and card arrangement were lower than ones in control group,the differences were statisti- cally significant(P<0.05);③number excluded test(cancellation test)results:the error rate of OSAHS group was higher than PS group(P<0.05);both OSAHS group and PS group were significantly higher than the control group(P<0.01).Conclusion:⑴SDB can influence children′s growth.Both the height of preschool age group and the weight of the school age group have been effected significantly by OSAHS.⑵OSAHS group and PS group show no significant difference in sleep structure.⑶Both Preschool age group and school age group with SDB have been showed cognitive deficiencies, SDB can damage cognitive function of children and effect their intellectual development. Intervention should be carried out to protect the healthy of developmentof children as soon as possible.