| In this study, the C. pilosula from Jiuzhaigou County with different growth years (1-4 growth years), different plant areas (4 growth years) and different drying methods were chosen as the research objects. Appearance characteristics, major compositions and content of amino acid were determined. At the same time, the HPLC fingerprint was established by the research of 38 samples from different planting areas. We created a suit of systematic quality evaluation method for C. pilosula from Jiuzhaigou County, and conducted a comprehensive evaluation analysis on all the samples. It would be very important for creating a quality standard and planning a reasonable plant region.The main results of these studies were as follow:1. Appearance characteristics of C pilosula from. Jiuzhaigou CountyThe results of appearance characteristics research of 38 samples of different growth years indicated that the length, diameter, fresh weight, dry weight and the drying rate of C. pilosula increased with its increasing growth years.The results of appearance characteristics research of 38 samples from different plant areas showed that the value range of length, diameter, fresh weight, dry weight were 4.3～37.0 cm, 0.595～2.400 cm,5.29～59.95 g,4.69～19.71 g, respectively. It indicated the appearance characteristics had obvious differences among 38 samples from different plant areas. It might be relation with the differences of soil fertility and planting technology among different plant areas.2. Internal quality of C pilosula from Jiuzhaigou CountyThe results showed that the total ash and acid insoluble ash contents of C. pilosula of two growth years were higher than other growth years'. The total ash contents of four growth years 'samples from different plant areas were lower than 5.0%, the acid insoluble ash contents were lower than 0.8%. There were no significant differences of the total ash and acid insoluble ash contents among different drying methods.Ethanol-soluble extracts contents of samples of different growth years and plant areas were higher than 55.0% which satisfied with the regulation of pharmacopoeia, the contents of C. pilosula with four growth years and low temperature pretreatment under 60℃drying reached maximum value.The best ultrasonic extractions condition of total saponins from C. pilosula were investigated based on an orthogonal test. The best extraction conditions were as follows:extraction time was 60 min, ratio of water to raw material was 40 and ultrasonic power was 360 W. The contents of total saponins increased with three, two, one and four growth years order. There were no significant differences in total saponins of C.pilosula from different plant areas (0.90-1.10%) and with low temperature pretreatment under 60℃drying reached the maximum value.The best ultrasonic extractions condition of polysaccharides with water from C. pilosula were investigated based on a Box-Behnken design. The best extraction conditions were as follows: extraction time was 44 mins, ratio of water to raw material was 56 and ultrasonic power was 320 W. The contents of polysaccharides increased with the increasing growth years. There were significant differences in polysaccharides of four growth yeas'C. Pilosula from different plant areas (30.28%～38.56%) and non-low temperature pretreatment with air drying methods reached the maximum value.A reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method for simultaneous determination of Lobetyolin and AtractylenolideⅢof C. pilosula from Jiuzhaigou County was established. The determination results indicated that the contents of Lobetyolin and AtractylenolideⅢincreased with the increasing growth years. There were significant differences in Lobetyolin (0.1005～1.2302 mg/g) and AtractylenolideⅢ(0.0124～0.0768 mg/g) of C. pilosula from different plant areas and non-low temperature pretreatment with air drying methods reached the maximum value.The results showed that there were 15～16 kinds of amino acids in C. pilosula and 7 kinds of them were essential amino acids. The contents of total amino acids and essential amino acids increased with the increasing growth years. There were significant differences in total amino acids (5.257～11.912%) and essential amino acids (1.797～3.544%) of C. Pilosula from different planting areas. The total amino acids and essential amino acids of C. Pilosula were higher than that in 14 kinds of vegetables and 12 kinds of fruits. The contents of essential amino acids in most samples were lower than the FAO/WHO recommended pattern; it indicated that C. pilosula from was not edible as common food. The contents of amino acids with special efficacy and flavorful effects, such as Pro, Glu, and Arg were high.3. Comprehensive quality evaluation of C.pilosula from Jiuzhaigou CountyAccording to the main characters and chemical compositions, samples of different growth years, different plant areas and different drying methods were comprehensively compared with principal component and cluster analysis. The results were as follow:The results indicated that 16 samples of different growth years were clustered into 2 groups. The first group included 7 samples which were mainly 3 and 4 growth years, and its comprehensive principal component value was above zero. The second group included 9 samples which were mainly 1 and 2 growth years, and its comprehensive principal value was below zero. The quality of C. pilosula from Jiuzhaigou County of four growth years was best.The results showed that 38 samples of different plant areas were clustered into 2 groups. The first group included 21 samples which were mainly from Yongfeng town, Guoyuan town, and its comprehensive principal component value was above zero, it indicated higher quality. The second group included 7 samples which were mainly from Yonghe town, Luoyi town, Anle town, Baihe town and its comprehensive principal value was below zero, it indicated lower quality.The results indicated that 16 samples with different drying methods were clustered into 2 groups. The first group included 9 samples which were mainly from Zhongzhai village, and its comprehensive principal component value was above zero. The second group included 7 samples which were mainly from Jiawu village, and its comprehensive principal value was below zero. The quality of C. Pilosulawith non-low temperature pretreatment was better than low temperature pretreatment in the conditions of same materials and same drying temperatures. The comprehensive quality of C. Pilosula with air drying methods was the best in the conditions of same materials and same temperature pretreatments. Therefore, the non-low temperature pretreatment air drying was the best drying method.4. HPLC fingerprint of C. pilosula from Jiuzhaigou CountyThe HPLC fingerprint of C. pilosula from Jiuzhaigou County was established by RP-HPLC method and methanol was used as solvent for ultrasonic extraction.7 common peaks were extracted and two of them were identificated as lobetyolin and atractylenolide III. The chromatogram showed that the peaks of 38 samples were separated well, which indicated that the chromatographic method was convenient and reliable. |
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