| Background and ObjectiveEsophageal carcinoma (EC), is a common malignant tumor of the digestive tract, which accounts for the vast majority of squamous cell carcinoma, has been a great threaten to people's lives and health. China, Henan province in particular, is a high incidence area of EC. The present study results show that nearly 200,000 persons die of EC in all of the world each year, which takes the fourth in various types of cancer. The study results show that the five-year suvrival rate was only about 20%afier ablation in late stage. But, if resection in early stage, the five-year suvrival rate elevates to 90%. On account of the invasion and metastasis is an important reason leading to death, so finding the main associated factors of invasion and metastasis of esophageal cancer, has be useful for prevention and treatment and prognostic judgment of esophageal cancer.Bmi-1(B-cell specific Moloney murine leukaemia virus insertion site 1, Bmi-1) gene is a transcriptional repressor belonging to the polycomb group(PcG) genefamily. Bmi-1 plays an important role in the regulation of self-newal in stem cells and apoptosis. Study show that Bmi-1 expression has correlation with development and prognosis of tumors and overexpression in many human tumors.S100A4 belongs to the family of calcium ion bond protein which is an active tumor metastasis regulatory factor secreted by the tumor cell and the tumor interstitial cells. S100A4 which has been classified as the metastasis related protein is an very important biomarker to predict the prognsis of the tumor. In the present study, we detected the expression of Bmi-1 and S100A4 in 68 patients with EC,45 patients with adjacent atypical hyperplasia epithelium and 36 normal examples by SP method.Methods:1. The Bmi-1 protein expression was detected in 68 cases of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC),45 cases of adjacent atypical hyperplasia tissue and 36 cases of normal esophagus mucous membrane tissue by immunohistochemical SP method.2. The S100A4 protein expression was detected in 68 ESCC,45 cases of adjacent atypical hyperplasia tissue and 36 cases of normal esophagus mucous membrane tissue by immunohistochemical SP method.3. Statistical analysis:All the data were analyzed by SPSS 16.0 statistical package. The Chi-square was used in the comparison of positive rates; the relation of two variables was analyzed by the spearman level correlation analysis. The level of significant difference was a=0.05Results:1. The Bmi-1 protein expression rate in normal esophagus mucous membrane tissue, adjacent atypical hyperplasia tissue and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissue was 22.2%(8/36),48.9%(22/45) and 57.4%(39/68) respectively, and with a significant difference in group comparison (P<0.05). The positive expression rate of Bmi-1 protein in the carcinoma tissues was compared with that in the atypical hyperplasia tissues and normal mucosa tissues from each other, there was statistical significance (P<0.01). And there is no difference between the expression of Bmi-1 in normal esophagus mucous membrane tissue and adjacent atypical hyperplasia tissue (P>0.05).2. There was no relationship between the expression of Bmi-1 and the patient's sex, age and tumor differentiation, depth of invasion (P>0.05). But, the expression of Bmi-1 in ESCC with lymph node metastasis 76.0%(19/25) was significantly high than those without 46.5%(20/43) (P<0.05) and the protein masculine expression rate in grade ofⅠ～ⅡA group 44.2%(19/43) was significantly lower than those in II B-IIIgroup80.0%(20/25) (P＜0.05).3. The S100A4 protein expression rate in normal esophagus mucous membrane tissue, adjacent atypical hyperplasia tissue and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissue was 13.9%(5/36),24.4%(11/45) and 48.6%(33/68) respectively, and with a significant difference in group comparison (P＜0.05). The analysis showed that S100A4 protein expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma was higher than that in atypical hyperplasia and normal esophageal tissue (P<0.01). And there is no significant difference between the expression of S100A4 in normal esophagus mucous membrane tissue and adjacent atypical hyperplasia tissue (P>0.05).4. There was no relationship between the expression of S100A4 and the patient's sex, age and tumor differentiation (P>0.05). But the results showed that the positive expression of S100A4 was significantly related with the depth of tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis lymph and TNM stage in ESCC:S100A4 protein masculine expression rate in infiltration depth of deeper muscular layer group and lower muscular layer group were 58.3%(28/48) and 25.0%(5/20) respectively, with a significant difference in group comparion (P<0.05); S100A4 protein masculine expression rate in lymphatic metastasis group was 68.0% (17/25), significantly higher than those without lymph node metastasis in ESCC was37.2%(16/43) (P＜0.05); The protein masculine expression in grade ofⅠ～ⅡA andⅡB-Ⅲwere respectively 37.2%(16/43) and 68.0%(17/25), the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).5. There was a positive relationship between the protein expression of Bmi-1 and S100A4 in ESSC(r=0.302, P＜0.05). Conclusions:1. The Bmi-1 protein expression rate boost by turns in normal esophagus mucous membrane tissue, adjacent atypical hyperplasia tissue and Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissue, and there was a close correlation with TNM stage and lymph node metastasis, which suggest that over expression of Bmi-1 protein is associated with invasion and metastasis in ESCC.2. The S100A4 protein expression rate boost by turns in normal esophagus mucous membrane tissue, adjacent atypical hyperplasia tissue and Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tissue, and there was a close correlation with depth of tumor invasion, TNM stage and lymph node metastasis, which suggest that over expression of S100A4 protein is associated with invasion and metastasis in ESCC.3. There was a positive relationship between the protein expression of Bmi-1 and S100A4 in ESSC.4. Combined detection of Bmi-1 and S100A4 protein could be one helpful index in the prognostic judgment of ESCC. |
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