| Objective:The S100 protein family is a subfamily of calcium binding protein family, consisting of nearly 20 members. S100A4 (S100 calcium binding protein A4) protein is a member of the S100 protein family, related to the genesis, metastasis and prognosis of tumor, which regulate normal and abnormal proliferation of cells, playing an important role in differentiation, gene expression, secretion and apoptosis. In recent years, with the development of new technologies and detection methods, the study on S100A4 protein has extended to wider research fields. Lately, several studies indicated that S100A4 protein is involved in the process of myocardial fibrosis, and overexpressed in myocardial injury induced by isoproterenol, acting as novel cardiac growth and survival factor. However, the role of S100A4 protein in atherosclerosis and plaque instability has been barely documented so far.This study was designed to evaluate the circulating levels of S100A4 protein in patients with different stages of coronary atherosclerotic artery disease and its clinical significances.Methods:Blood samples of 114 patients admitted to the department of Cardiology of Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University were obtained during December 2009 to March 2011, according to the inclusion criteria. Implementation of coronary angiography were accepted to demonstrated coronary lesions. According to the results of CAG, they are divided into case group (CAD group, n=84) and control group (non-CAD group, n=30). The CAD group was further subgrouped into three groups, patients with stable angina pectoris (SAP, n=24), unstable angina pectoris (UAP, n=42) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI, n=18). There is no significant statistical difference in age, sex, weight between the groups. Levels of S100A4 protein were measured by ELISA. All data were analysed by software SPSS 17.0.Results:(1) The concentration of serum S100A4 protein in CAD group (479.1±17.86 ng/ml) was significantly higher than that of in control group (95.91±15.90 ng/ml), (P<0.001).(2)We found a stepwise increase in serum levels of S100A4 protein with the exacerbation of clinical symptoms (AMI>UAP>SAP, P<0.001). (3) Linear correlation analysis showed that S100A4 protein was related to hsCRP (r=0.546, P<0.001). (4) To elucidate the independent association between S100A4 levels and the onset of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), atherosclerotic risk factors such as gender, age, diabetes, smoking, hypertension, family history of CAD, hsCRP and S100A4 concentrations were entered into a logistic model, the result revealed that, among 114 subjects recruited in this study, serum S100A4 was the independent factor associated with the onset of ACS (OR=1.026,95%CI:1.009-1.043, P<0.05). Even among the 84 patients with CAD, high S100A4 level remained to be the independent predictor of ACS. However, hsCRP levels did not show such associations.Conclusion:The levels of S100A4 protein were elevated in CAD patients, and increased with the clinical severity of CAD from SAP to AMI, S100A4 protein may serve as a novel serological marker of plaque stabilization. |
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