Study On The Factors Related To Overweight And Obesity Children And Its Intervention Measures In Jinan

ObjectiveTo understand the epidemiological characteristics of overweight and obesity of children in Jinan, body image from the situation of children, genetic factors, dietary habits, family situation and other aspects of the possible factors related to overweight and obesity in children to explore effective obesity interventions, provide a theoretical basis for objectives for the establishment of school health education, health promotion education programs for the design, implementation of disease prevention measures.MethodsThe study used stratified random cluster sampling method, numbering all the city of Jinan, selected two city randomly according to simple random sampling method; and then selected two intervention and control schools in one city according to simple random sampling method, one intervention and control schools in another city; in the selected primary schools, randomly select two classes in each grade from the 2-5 grades(six-year primary school in Jinan), in the classes of children for the survey. Detected by physical examination of children's height, weight, the issuance of "primary students questionnaire" and "parents questionnaire" to investigate and measure the epidemiological characteristics and its related factors. Results1. Analysis of weight and height of children in JinanThe age of the surveyed children is between 7 to 12, heights increase with age gradually increased both in male and female, respectively, at the age of 7 to 12 years old from 133cm and 130cm to the 151cm and 152cm, increased by 18cm and 22cm, before 12-year-old, boys is taller than girls or very close, but at the age of 12 girls taller than boys; weight increased with age growth, respectively, at the age of 7 to 12 years old from 31kg and 29kg to 45kg and 45kg, increased by 14kg and 16kg, before the age of 12, boys are heavier than girls, but at the age of 12 male and female are closer.2. Prevalence of overweight and obesity of children in JinanThe detection rate of overweight and obesity of children in Jinan was 16.1% and 16.0%, male and female rates of overweight were 9.2% and 6.9%, obesity rates were 9.8% and 6.2%, boys were higher than girls, the difference was statistically significant(χ2=17.373,P<0.01).3.Body image perception of childrenThe mean of self-image score for boys(4.5) were higher than girls, the difference was statistically significant in sex and body image. The ideal body image score for boys (4.0) were higher than girls(3.8). The means of body dissatisfaction scores were 0.54 and 0.41 for boys and girls respectively. The body dissatisfaction scores across different weight status were:obesity overweight>non-overweight. The standard body image scores of boys were significantly higher than the scores of girls. The standard body image scores of non-overweight were significantly higher than the scores of overweight. About 10.1% and 0.8% children chose the heaviest silhouette as their self-body image and ideal body image respectively.4. The factors related to overweight and obesity of children in Jinan4.1 Effect of genetic and family circumstances on overweight and obesityThe occurrence of overweight and obesity have statistically significant difference in father's occupation and parents' BMI (P<0.05), the rate of overweight and obesity is higher in father as the workers and parents have the higher BMI.4.2 Effect of births on overweight and obesityThe occurrence of overweight and obesity have statistically significant difference in the birth weight and feeding patterns 4 months after birth (P<0.05). Higher birth weight children, overweight and obesity rate is higher. In feeding, the incidence of overweight and obesity is artificial feeding> mixed feeding> breastfeeding.4.3 Effect of eating habits on overweight and obesityThe occurrence of overweight and obesity have statistically significant difference in breakfast eat rice products mainly, eat half an hour before go to bed, the number of eat Western-style fast food last month, dining out, eat food too much, the daily choice of drinks, eating dinner time (P<0.05)4.4 Effect of living habits on overweight and obesityThe occurrence of overweight and obesity have statistically significant difference in the time of watching TV (P<0.05). The longer watch television, the higher the rate of overweight and obesity.4.5 Effect of nutrition knowledge level on overweight and obesityThe occurrence of overweight and obesity have statistically significant difference in nutrition knowledge level of parents (P<0.05). Master the poorer nutrition knowledge of parents, rates of overweight and obesity were higher.4.6 Multivariate logistic regression analysis of factors influencing on Children's overweight and obesityMultivariate analysis showed that:children' gender, parental body mass index, feeding patterns, breakfast usually eat rice products, dining out frequency, the number of eat western fast food, eat too much, eating dinner time are the impact factors of overweight and obesity in children.Conclusions1. The status of overweight and obesity of children is very serious, and boys were higher than girls both in the rate of overweight and obesity.2. In body image, different gender and different body shape have impacts on self-image scores, different body shape have impacts on ideal body image. Children have more tolerance towards their body image.3. Father's occupation, parental body mass index, birth weight and feeding patterns of children were the overweight and obesity factors.4. Eating habits such as usually eat rice based products on breakfast, eat before going to bed half an hour, eat Western-style fast food last month, eating out last week, eat a lot, drink daily selection type and eating dinner time were related to the occurrence of children overweight and obesity.5. Living habits such as watching TV time was the factor of children overweight and obesity.6. The condition of parents master the nutrition knowledge was the impact of factors of overweight and obesity.7. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that:sex, parental body mass index, feeding patterns, breakfast usually eat rice products, dining out frequency, times of eat western fast food, eat a lot, the dinner time were significantly associated to the incidence of overweight and obesity of children.