| ObjectiveTo explore the metallization of electric injury to skin by animal experiments, and establish a new method for determining metallization of skin electric mark usingμ-probe X-ray fluorescence (μ-XRF) spectrometer.Disscuss formalin's effect on this method, Finally, In human skin establish the method for dectecting electric mark usingμ-probe X-ray fluorescence.MethodsPart 1 32 New Zealand white rabbits, male or female, were randomly divided into brass electric group, copper electric group, iron electric group, aluminum electric group(n= 8). One pole was fixed on the left hind leg and the other pole was fixed on the left foreleg in the electrocution animal model. The electrical injuried skin of left hind leg was sampled, and the contralatera skin of right hind leg as the control.μ-probe X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (μ-XRF) spectrometer was used to detect the metallic elements in these skins.Part 2 Human skin samples were collected including electric mark and normal skin 2cm away from current mark.μ-probe X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (μ-XRF) was used to respectively detect the metallic elements in the electric mark and the normal skin 2cm away from current mark. Finally by histopathologic examination, each skin histopathologic change was evaluated on nuclear elongation and vacuolation to be categorized as typical or atypical.Part 3 32 New Zealand white rabbits, male or female, were randomly divided into brass electric group, iron electric group. One pole was fixed on the left hind leg and the other pole was fixed on the left foreleg in the electrocution animal model. The electrical injuried skin of left hind leg was sampled.μ-probe X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (μ-XRF) spectrometer was used to detect the metallic elements in these skins. The same method as stated above was used to respectively detect the electrical injuried skins being fixed by formalin at one week,six months.ResultsPart 1 In the control group, P, Cl, K,Ca elements can be detected,and Cu, Zn, Fe, Al was not found in the non-electric injury skin. In the electric group, without considering P, Cl, K,Ca in the non-electric injury skin, (1) copper element was measured in the skin caused by copper electrode. (2) Iron element can be detected in the skin caused by iron electrode. (3) Aluminum element can be measured in the skin caused by aluminum electrode. (4) Copper, zinc elements were found in the skin caused by brass. The metallic element permeating into the electrical injuried skin is unevenly distributed.Part 2 9 fatalities due to electric shock were examined, three cases occurred in house fitment work, three cases in electric device maintenance work, three cases were undetermined. Electric shock voltage of five cases was 220V, one case 380 V, three cases were undetermined. all cases with a visible current mark and histology examination were done between 24h and 72h. eight current marks were located in upper limbs, one current mark in lower limbs; typical histological changes can be seen from NO.1 to NO.8, not seen in NO.9. suspicious electrobes were found on the NO.1 and NO.9 scence. In comparison with metal elements of control skin, the additional metal elements of electrical injuried skin was defined as electrode transfer element. Al,Mn,Cu are electrode transfer element in NO.1 skin. Copper element was measured in the suspicious electrobe; Ti,Cr,Fe,Zn are electrode transfer element in NO.2 skin; Ti,Fe are electrode transfer element in NO.3 skin; Iron element are electrode transfer element in NO.4 skin; Fe,Zn are electrode transfer element in NO.5 skin; Fe,Cu are electrode transfer element in NO.6 skin; Al,Ti are electrode transfer element in NO.7 skin; Al,Ti,Cu are electrode transfer element in NO.8 skin; Copper element are electrode transfer element in NO.9 skin, Copper element was measured in the suspicious electrobe.Part 3 After being fixed by formalin for 1 week,6 months, Cu, Zn, Fe, Al was not found in the non-electric injury skin; Cu, Zn, Fe were found in the skin caused by brass, after being fixed by Formalin for 1 week, Cu, Zn, Fe were found in the skin caused by brass, Zn can be detected after being fixed by Formalin for 6 months; Iron element can be detected in the skin caused by iron electrode.ConclusionMetallization can be characteristic marks for diagnosis of the electric injuried skin, and XRF spectrometer show significant potential in the detection of metallization, especially identifying the electrode in comparison with the metallic elements of the skin caused by varied electrodes. Formalin have limited impact on detecting the metal elements in elelctric injuried skin using XRF spectrometer, after being fixed by Formalin for 1 week,6 months, the metal elements in elelctric injuried skin can be detected in the same way. |
PDF Full Text Request