Study On Soil Conservation And Ecological Restoration Models In Iron Mine Wasteland Of Western Liaoning

In this paper iron mine wasteland in western Liaoning as the research subject。 Due to the miningof iron ore,Pit,Tailing dam and Waste rock field appeared. These lands had lost their original usefunctions, Ecological system and structure are changed. Surface vegetation reduced or disappeed areobvious. The land referred to as iron mine wasteland. Iron ore mine wasteland soil erosion types arewater erosion,wind erosion and chemical erosion.In western Liaoning,the total mining area is1946.37ha in Chaoyang, and the total amount of soiland water loss is80555.43t before production. After destroyed, the total amount of soil and water lossis603760.56t. The increment of soil and water loss is523205.11t.The total mining area is4719.78ha inFuxin,the total amount of soil and water loss is100983.40t before production. After destroyed, thetotal amount of soil and water loss is880393.71t. The increment of soil and water loss is779410.33t.The total mining area is2403.44ha in Huludao,the total amount of soil and water loss is100327.61tbefore production. After destroyed, the total amount of soil and water loss is286734.53t. The incrementof soil and water loss is186406.92t.The total mining area is2117.72ha in Jinzhou,the total amount ofsoil and water loss is50381.21t before production. After destroyed, the total amount of soil and waterloss is252950.74t. The increment of soil and water loss is202569.52t.In this paper, we combined the outdoor investigation with indoor analysis. The iron ore wastelandsis divided into the following three types. Excavation of wasteland, Dumping wasteland, Tailingswasteland. We use simulation experiment and field monitoring,at the same time artificial rainfallsimulation tests, combined with the analysis of SPSS data. In which way rainfall intensity, duration ofrainfall, slope influence the amount of soil erosion in iron ore wastelands. We research found thatintensity, duration of rainfallinfluenced the amount of soil erosion was not obvious.It is appeared thatSlope was the dominant factor of soil and water loss.So when recovery the plant community of iron orewasteland, we must take the necessary means to treat slope. After measured dominance of the plantspecies, measured diversity index of Shannon—Weiner,Simpson,Pielou and Alatalo of distributionevenness index, Margalef and Patrick of richness index. Summed up the plant communitycharacteristics of iron ore wasteland in Western Liaoning.We found that the first is the annualherbaceous plants in the natural restoration of vegetation, the sccond is a perennial herb settlement,thethird is shrub species settled, finally, Succession of forest community. Plant community succession rateis very slow, take decades or even hundreds of years. So manual intervention must be executed toaccelerate the process of ecological restoration of abandoned land.We found that heavy metals in soil environment quality is close to two grade standard. Because ofvarious types of iron ore wasteland are obviously different. The matrix components analysis is helpful toselect suitable plant species for vegetation restoration. In Western Liaoning, the vegetation restoration isalso in accordance with the matrix situation to another. We selected Robinia Pseudoacacia,Populussimonii Carr, Hippophae Rhamnoides, Caragana microphylia, Leguminosae as Pioneer species.Finally, the restoration models of iron mine wasteland was Summed up.