Study On The Driving Force Of Soil Erosion And Ecological Restoration Models In Hilly Area In Western Of Liaoning

In order to provide the basis for the construction of ecological restoration project of soil and water conservation, the dominant driving force factors of soil erosion and ecological restoration models of the ecological restoration area in Beipiao city of Liaoning Province were studied. The main conclusion are:The top three driving force factors of soil erosion were"land reclamation ratio","per capita raising the livestock quantity"and"per capita economic forest area"which had obvious impact on soil erosion. Socio-economic factors were first and natural factors second in the driving factors of soil erosion. The dominate driving factors of soil erosion and occurrence and development of soil and water loss were that scale of land reclamationand and cultivation regimes , raising the livestock quantity and raising sdatus, scale of exploiting economic forest and cultivation methods, resources and environmental stress caused by population increasing, agricultural production efficiency and land production efficiency were related with exploitation of economic forest and land reclamation.On the basis of the dominant driving force factors of soil erosion, combined interpretation of remote sensing image with field surveying validation of GPS and surveying materials of typical plant community structure, hilly area in western of Liaoning were divided into four degradation types of soil erosion. They were degeneration type of farmland cultivation in hillslope, excess pasturing and exploitation felling trees in woodland, exploiting economic forest in hillslope and non-agricultural development and construction.Based on ststus of soil and water loss and characteristic of natural and social economics, combining analysis of driving force of soil erosion with divide of degradation types of soil erosion, we proposed ecological restoration models and key technologies in water and soil conservation. Five ecological restoration models: (1) model of forsook protection and promote the recovery of ecological forest and grass; (2) model of slope farmland agroforestry; (3)model of rural energy development and feeding livestock; (4)model of economic forest high-efficiency cultivation and conservation tillage; (5)model of slope system water and soil loss comprehensive harness. Eleven ecological restoration key technologies: (1)forsook protection technology of ecological forest land: (2)replanting regeneration technique of open forest land; (3) artificial afforestation technology of shrub-grass barren slope; (4)terrace engineering of slope land; (5)configuration technology of farmland shelterbelt; (6)technology of fuel wood creating and high-efficiency firewood saving; (7)technology of energy saving cooking range, solar house, the development and utilization of methane energy; (8)technology of feeding livestock; (9)compound cultivation techniques of slope economic forest and forage and the technology of conservation tillage; (10) green manure technology of mountainous orchard; (11)rainfall runoff regulation and utilization of"Multi-level network"in slope of Small Watershed.