Effects Of Fertilization And Planting Density On Spearmint Essential Oil Yield And Quality

this research chose Scotland spearmint (M.cardiace Gerade) as experiment materials,Specific study the Growth and development,Fertilizer,density,harvest time,food quality of spearmint,in Weishi County of Henan Province. Conclusions are as follows:1.plant height, branch number, the number leaves of main stem is the main factors of the yield formation of spearmint. Spearmint shoot growth process presents "S"-type dynamic curve, the number of branches and the number leaves of main stem respectively Maximizing in the June 5,Plant height, number of branches and the leaves number of main stem of Spearmint will increase With the increased planting spacing, And, the treatment of 50cm spacing is the largest,Reached 69.14cm, 12.37,14.89. It is largest that the Treatment of 40cm spacing that fresh Biomass and essential oil yield of Spearmint,Reached 19669.95 kg/hm~2, 70772.15 ml / kg, the treatment of 50cm spacing is highest that oil yield of stems and leaves and whole plant,and content Carvone and flavonoid s of essential oil. The order that the treatment of fresh Biomass is 40cm,30cm,50cm , The order that the treatment of Essential oil yield is 40cm,50cm,30cm,The order that the treatment of dry discount rate is 50cm,40cm,30cm . the treament of Overall efficiency in 40cm spacing is the greatest.2. The oil yielding rate and essential oil content of total flavonoids and carvone of Spearmint to reach maximum Late in June,Then begin to decline. The oil yielding rate is the largest In the morning at ten o'clo对照before and after, Then The oil yielding rate began to decline, Will start to rise Until two in the afternoon, Mapping showed Double peaks. Dry discount rate, leaf oil yield, whole plant oil yield and Essential oil yield, content of carvone when havest in the opened buds have 30% is highest, Respectively upto 23.87%, 23.64 ml / kg, 70071.39 ml / hm~2, 14.68 ml / kg, 50.79%. the content of flavonoids when havest in the opened buds have 60% Is the highest, However,the content of flavonoids when havest in the opened buds have 60% and30% were no significant differences.3. Effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium on yield effect of order n is greater than p greater than k by Intuitive analysis, Analysis of variance obtained that N, P fertilizers were highly significant factors and significant levels, K fertilizer elements is not significant. the N and P content of Stems and leaves are high levels In the growth stage, Nitrogen and potassium will be stable To June 15,However, the P content will first then decreased.4. Single application of N fertilizer In 0-180kg/hm~2 range,Plant height, branch number, leaves on the number, Biomass, oil yield, content flavonoids and carvone of essential oil of Spearmint Will increase with the amount of N, And,N3 is the best treatment, Respectively upto64.21cm,11.36,14.32,20596.69kg/hm~2,74481.42ml/hm~2,57.24%,50.98%. the highest oil yielding rate of stem in the N4 treatment.Single application of P fertilizer In 0-120kg/hm~2 range,Number of branches, number of leaves of main stem, oil yield, The oil yielding rate of leaves and whole plant, content lflavonoids and carvone of essential oil Will increase with the amount of phosphorus fertilizer, P2 deal is the largest, Respectively upto11.77,12.56,72532.91ml/hm~2,24.28%,14.62%,57.22%,51.03%. Spearmint Maximum height is 64.45cmof the P3 treatment ,Fresh Biomass of Spearmint up to 20628.36 kg/hm~2 of P4 treatment。Single application of K fertilizer,in 0-180kg/hm~2 range,Plant height, branch number, number of leaves of main stem ,Dry discount rate and yield Will increase with the amount of phosphorus fertilizer, K3 treatment is the biggest deal with the highest fresh yield and oil production,Respectively were 20608.69 kg/hm~2, 74533.32 ml/hm~2. .K4 treatment is the biggest with the highest oil yield of Stem and leaves, essential oil content of total flavonoids and carvone ,Respectively were 3.0%, 24.48%, 57.24%, 50.34%.The best combination of Orthogonal design of NPK fertilizer is N2P2K3 treatment, the fresh yield and oil production of N2P2K3 treatment was the highest, Respectively were 20524.19 kg / hm~2, 76358.03 ml/hm~2 .The whole plant oil yield and content flavonoids and carvone of essential oil of N2P2K3 treatment is largest . Respectively Were 14.92ml/kg, 58.08%, 51.88%; In addition, the Content of flavonoids and carvone of Three treatments that N1P1K1, N1P2K2, N1P3K31 Less than contrast levels.5. Foliar spraying can enhance the vitality of spearmint leaves,and Increase in the overall content of chlorophyll,And slow the loss, Furthermore, to improve Biomass and Essential oil yield. it is most obvious when Mn+Zn+B hybrid spraying that the effect of Improve the essential oil content, Respectively 69640.28 ml / hm~2, increased 5.68% compared with contrast, In addition, the Treatment order that Increase the effect of yeild is B,NP,Mo,Mn,Zn.the Treatment order that Increase the content of Flavonoids is Mn+Zn+B,B,Zn,Mn,Mo,. NP,the Treatment order that Increase the content of Carvone is Mn+Zn+B,Zn,B,NP,Mo,Mn.6. Spearmint Has a high nutritional value thatcontains Extensive protein,Crude fat,crude fiber,carbohydrates and vitamin C, respectively up to 4.80%,0.58%,2.21%,8.04%,0.478mg/g, In the spearmint, Spearmint is rich in dietary fiber, with a high nutritional value.