Research On Tree Species Selection And Community Structure Assembling For The Anti-Typhoon Shelter Forest In Tropical Coastal Cities

The construction of coastal shelter forest with powerful ecological protection function has always been the important and difficult problem in forestry ecological construction. Shelter forest for anti-typhoon is the most important part of the coastal shelter forest system in the coastal city, the tree species selection and community structure installation were the most important and difficult points in its construction, for it is must be to consider to the protection function and landscape effect. Hainan Island locates in the "typhoon-corridor" and is surrounded by the sea, so it is really urgent to construct coastal shelter forest, especially shelter forest for typhoon protection that has a reasonable structure and perfect functions. However, the complicated natural conditions and social environment in Hainan Island make it difficult to choose tree species and dispose the community structure.In the past, the builders usually emphasized landscape effect rather than ecological protection function in the building of coastal city green land. Even in some tropical or subtropical coastal cities that were subject to frequent typhoon, the typhoon protection function of green land was also neglected. The paper takes tropical coastal city as a research case, discussing the scientific and demonstration significances of the coastal shelter forest for anti-typhoon.1. In this paper, we took the tropical coastal city of Hainan Island as an example, based on the surveying of native tree species in coastal city and its vicinity, and some excellent performance exotic tree species, according to the urban environment characteristics and the functional requirements of shelter forest, taking tree biological characters, ecological habits and functions(such as ecological function, wind-protecting function, landscape function) as the evaluation target, screening more than 50 excellent performance tree species that both wind protection and landscape effect are performing fine as the main tree species for shelter forest for anti-typhoon of tropical coastal city in Hainan Island. The results showed that 14 tree species can be used as the keynote tree species, such as Grevillea robusta, Antidesma maclurei, Aclenanthera paeonina, Heteropanax fragrans, Tabebula rosea, Calophyllum inophyllum, Erythrophloeum fordii, Kigelia africana, Elaeocarpus hainanensis, Terminalia mantaly, Samanea saman, Dracontomelon duperreanum, Madhuca longifolia, Khaya senegalensis and so on.2. In this paper, we selected the tropical coastal city-Sanya that frequently occurred typhoon as research object, screened 10-25 tree species from aforementioned 50 tree species, proposed the disposition scheme of artificial communities by the method of imitated natural communities, built 6.5hm2 experiment and demonstration shelter forest for anti-typhoon, put forward 6 disposition models of community structure and established 6 permanent plots to observe their growth, the results showed that 12 tree species had grown well during early growth stage, including concretely: Grevillea robusta, Heteropanax fragrans, Aclenanthera paeonina, Tabebula rosea, Pterocarpus indicus, Kigelia africana, Spathodea nilotia, Khaya senegalensis, Terminalia mantaly, Samanea saman, Dracontomelon duperreanum and so on. Model 1, Model 2 and Model 6 are the best disposition models of community structure in Sanya City.The results of this study could provide technical support and demonstration to construct a natural similar urban shelter forest that having both wind-protecting function and landscape function.