The Influence Of Surface Soil Management Measures On Nutrient Backflux In "red Fuji" Apple Tree And Yield In East Gansu Province

Contrary to the status of lacking effective surface soil management measures in appleproduction in east of Gansu Province, the representative Red Fuji Apple of Sheng orchardin Wenquan Township of Xifeng District in Gansu Province was choosed as the researchobject in2011to study the effect of tree storage nutrition during the nutrient return periodand yield of the Red Fuji apple by optimizating surface soil management measures, suchas ridging, coverage, optimizing chemical fertilizer amount and applicating differentorganic fertilizer. The experiment included five treatments:T1treatment was the localconventional soil management measure; T2treatment was optimized1(ridging+nutrientregulation+organic fertilizer)+laminatng; T3treatment was optimized2(ridging+nutrient regulation+microbial organic fertilizer)+laminatng; T4treatment wasoptimized1+mulchig; T5treatment was optimized2+mulching. The main results are asfollows:1The influence of surface soil management measures on yieldCompared with conventional treatment (T1),each optimized treatment improved theyield by varying degrees. Among all the treatments, T5treatment improved the yieldlargest, increased the yield by37.6%per mu, T4, T3and T2treatment increased by33.1%,26%and6.3%respectively.The effects of the different mulching treatments are different due to the differentorganic fertilizer types.when taking the ordinary organic fertilizer as the base fertilizer, theeffect of straw mulching (T4) is significantly better than coated (T2), while taking themicrobial organic fertilizer as the base fertilizer, the difference of the production betweenstraw mulching (T5) and coated handle (T3) treatment is not significant.Stimulation effects of different organic fertilizer due to the differences of coverages.In the laminating condition, the apple production of T3is higher than T2treatment, butthe difference is not significant. In the straw mulching condition, the production of T5ishigher than T4treatment, and the difference is not significant too.2The influence of surface soil management measures on nutrient backflux in"RedFuji" apple treeCompared to the conventional local soil management(T1), the optimized oneimproved the carbon and nitrogen storage levels of nutrition of1-year-old spring, autumntreetop and capped sticks by varying degrees during the nutrient reflux period. The T5treatment has the best effect. The average content of soluble sugar among the entire period,tarch content, soluble protein content and total free amino acid content of T5treatment arerespectively higher than T1by9.1%to20.6%,3.9%to33.6%,8.3%to27.2%and17.6%~60.7%.The study on variation regulation of nutrient storage of different types of branchrevealed that the fall tree have the advantages of carbon nutrition storage, especially thexylem of fall tree plays a prominent role in the accumulation of storage nutrients, theaverage nutrient content were significantly higher than xylem of the other branches of theclass during the entire period. The soluble sugar content, starch content, soluble proteincontents and total free amino acid content of the xylem of fall tree are higher than cappedbranch xylem and spring shoots xylem by23.3%and24.3%,11.7%and89.4%,15.8%, 18.2%and46.3%.Results on the storage of nutrients of different organizations in the nutrient refluxperiod show that allocation of nutrients storage in different organizations of theone-year-old autumn shoot, spring shoots and capped sticks are basically same. In theentire nutrient reflux period, the soluble sugar content in leaves and phloem are properly,which are higher than the xylem; starch content are performed as xylem> phloem> leaf;soluble protein content in leaves and phloem are comparatively, both of them are higherthan the xylem; the total free amino acid content performed as xylem> phloem> leaf.Through analysising the above results, the topsoil management measures of ridging,straw mulching, optimizing the amount of fertilizer and applicating the microbial organicfertilizer(T5treatment) can increase the production and improve the treestorage level ofnutrition in the production of Fuji apple of Longdong province, which provide thematerial basic for fruit trees living through the winter and restoring reproduction in thefollowing year, and finally to achieve the sustainable development of the appleproduction.