Study On Water Technique Of Maize For Alternative Furrow Irrigation In Semi-arid Region Of Western Heilongjiang Province

Sparsely populated semi-arid western region of Heilongjiang Province, land rich in resources for our important crop production base.However, harsh natural conditions and ecological environment is fragile, uneven spatial and temporal distribution of rainfall, resulting in lower crop production, and there is a serious soil erosion. Water status and temperature of water constitute the thermal environment for crop growth, changes in these factors will have a huge impact on crop yield and quality of the final.In the long-term dry farming production, it was recognized that lack of dry farming in arid areas or the uneven distribution of light, temperature, water and other resources are the main limits of the further development of agricultural production all over the country, the soil moisture deficit is the largest agricultural production and yield limiting factors. The experiment of alternative furrow irrigation was conducted in Dumeng County Heilongjian Province in 2009. The purpose of the experiment was to find the impact of maize growth, yield and its constituent elements, water consumption in growing period , water use efficiency of different water treatments, and finally brought out the optimal irrigation system that suited to the semi-arid region of western Heilongjiang Province under the furrow irrigation of maize. The experimental results indicated:1) More severe spring drought in the western sandy areas of Heilongjiang, the amount of maize irrigation will help to ensure the emergence of maize, and in order to ensure the nutritional and reproductive growth, should increase the irrigation in maize jointing and filling period.The results show that irrigation can change the soil fertility of the soil moisture effectively, irrigation of maize growth on soil moisture and maize growth and development of the size of the jointing> Seedling> filling.2) Water treatments effect obviously on maize growth and development. After a long drought and plant water recovery in growth will continue to exist on the compensation effect. However, the different levels of early water stress, the size of compensation ability is different. At the same time that the regulation of maize to water-sensitive functions and the ability to restore growth is limited, the compensation effect of the production is subject to certain conditions.3) Irrigation on yield of the order is: jointing> Seedling> filling stage, and too much and too little irrigation of the seedling stage can reduce yield, and yield can not achieve the best, the effect of jointing and filling on maize yield is: maize yield with the increase of irrigation amount larger. The optimum combination of irrigation range: seedling irrigation 320.13 ~ 351.93 m~3/hm~2, jointing irrigation 346.45 ~ 377.08 m~3/hm~2, filling irrigation 284.16 ~ 343.78 m~3/hm~2.4) Different growth stages of irrigation on water use efficiency of maize in order to: jointing> Seedling> filling. Through simulation analysis, the water use efficiency of maize≥2.360 0 kg / m3 in western Heilongjiang, the optimal combination of irrigation range at different growth stages: seedling irrigation 332.59 ~ 339.47 m~3/hm~2, jointing irrigation 359.37 ~ 364.16 m~3/hm~2, filling irrigation 301.88 ~ 326.06 m~3/hm~2.5) The relationship between water consumption and maize yield during the whole growth is, the yield of maize increases as the water consumption increased and then decreased. Water consumption of heading takes up the largest proportion of total water consumption. On the average daily water consumption intensity point of view, the water consumption intensity of filling stage is the largest, followed by the milk stage, jointing stage and heading basically the same, the day before harvested, the average consumption rate of maize is minimum.6) Under different irrigation treatments, maize yield and water use efficiency to obtain the maximum value corresponding to the irrigation treatment did not the same. Obtained by curve fitting of yield and water consumption of maize: With the increase of water consumption of maize growth period, water use efficiency of maize before the yield reaches the maximum. ET = 4 438.1 m~3/hm~2, water use efficiency reached a maximum of 2.472 2 kg / m~3. ET = 4 653.17 m~3/hm~2, yield reaches a maximum of 10 167.5 kg/hm~2. Integrated yield and water use efficiency selected two aspects of the intersection of irrigation intervals for the final optimal irrigation interval: seedling irrigation 320.13 ~ 337.64 m~3/hm~2, jointing irrigation 346.45~347.69m~3/hm~2, filling irrigation 284.52 ~ 316.44m~3 /hm~2.