The Law Of Tiller And Panicle Rate And Its Relationships With The Grain Yield Of Hybrid Rice Under Different Cultivation Methods

With hybrid rice species D you 527 andâ…¡you 498 whose tillering ability having significant differences as materials, using four main cultivation methods on rice production in sichuan province in the present, studied varieties of the physiological and biochemical characteristics and tillering regulation of rice which have different tillering ability,also the contribution rate of different tillers bits to the yield was studied. The main results are as follows:1. The effect of different cultivation methods of hybrid rice to the yield and its components.The species D you 527 which have strong tillering ability adopts wide-narrow row spacing cultivation method grain yield topped 9328.74kg/hm2, But the yield difference was not significant compared with the speciesâ…¡you 498, which the tillering ability is weak, when cultivated by the same ways, so, planting density in this experiment, the main reason causing the difference of rice yield and its component was different cultivation methods, little matter with the species of rice. From the point of view of yield and its components, rice yield components both species were not highest, cultivated by wide-narrow row spacing, but optimized configuration, significant higher than triangle cultivation, more significant higher than other cultivation ways. The triangle cultivation got the most effective ear number, the difference with throwing seedlings and wide line narrow strains when sparsely-planted cultivation was extremely significant, also the real yield, these results agreed with the theory that " increase ear increase yield" mode can improve rice yield markedly. Though the effect ear number have no significant difference, but the real yield wide-narrow row spacing cultivation was significant higher than triangle cultivation, the reason lies in the maturing rate was different, this state "increase spike" not always " increase yield" under high yield cultivation methods, only based on have certain effect ear number, increase maturing rate, got "big ear and full ear", could improve rice yield markedly.2.Comparition of the law of tiller and panicle rate of hybrid rice of different cultivation methodsRice group stem tiller growth and decline trends was the intuitive reflect of tillering happen and becoming ear, tillering growth and decline trends reasonable, high spike rate, was one of essential feature of high yield group. This research shows that, two rice varieties that have large difference on tillering ability, when planted by four kinds of cultivation got the same stem tiller growth and decline trends, all show that wide-narrow row spacing cultivation stem tiller growth and decline was the type of early onset steady rise slow down, group eventually into panicles most, stem tiller spike rate also most; triangle cultivation stem tillers growth and decline was the type of early onset speed rise slow drop, group eventually into panicles above normal, stem tiller spike rate above normal, significant higher than wide line narrow strains when sparsely-planted cultivation, extremely significant higher than throwing seedlings; wide line narrow strains when sparsely-planted cultivation stem tiller growth and decline was the type of slow onset slow rise slow down, throwing seedlings carry soil ball transplant, the process hurt little roots, stem tiller growth and decline was the type of speed onset speed rise speed drop, spike rate lowest of all.Rice tillering occurrence and becoming ear exists obvious advantage tillers bits. Two hybrid rice varieties by four kinds of cultivation methods, tillering rate and tillering spike rate teed to agree:the order of tillering rate was the second low tillering> the first high tillering> the first low tillering> the second high tillering, the order of spike rate was the first low tillering> the first high tillering> the second low tillering> the second high tillering. It can be seen, advantage tillers bits tillering rate represented middle tillers advantage> bottom tillers advantage> head tillers advantage. Spike rate represented bottom tillers advantage> middle tillers advantage> head tillers advantage.3. The Ear character of different tillers bits of hybrid riceSee from spike part character representation of single spike weight,each spike total grain number,maturing rate and thousand seed weight etc,Two rice variety cultivated by different methods have certain difference, but all show that wide-narrow row spacing cultivation and triangle cultivation>wide line narrow strains when sparsely-planted cultivation and throwing seedlings. Combined with the test results of the tillering angle,we know that throwing seedlings tillering angle was maximum, so caused planting density oversize, and the Planting density was inconsistent, easy to cause local planting density too large thus influence spike part character, and the spike part character representation worst; tillering angle of triangle cultivation and wide-narrow row spacing cultivation were moderate, planting density was reasonable, to the benefit of using marginal benefit of crop to optimizespike part character; Tillering angle minimum of wide line narrow strains when sparsely-planted cultivation, because of individual plants density was lesser, group growth retardation, spike part character representation was bad. It can be seen, reasonable planting ways was benefit to improve individual tillers bits spike part character representation.Two hybrid rice varieties each tillers bits spike part character representation trend unanimous except thousand seed weight:single ear weight and each ear total grain number all show as the first high tillering> the first low tillering> the second low tillering> the second high tillering; maturing rate was the first low tillering> the first high tillering> the second low tillering> the second high tillering, though the thousand seed weight of two rice varieties representation trend were inconsistent, but the difference were not significant. This shows that under the experimental conditions, low tillering spike part character representation overmatch high tillering spike part character representation, but not obvious, but a tillering spike part character representation obviously overmatch secondtillering spike part character representation.4. The contribution of spikes of different tillers bits to the yield of hybrid riceThis study shows, incidence rate of different tillers bits of rice, there were significant differences between different cultivation methods, and some differences between varieties, but trend was consistent. Bearing tiller of different rice tillers bits and its contribution rate to yield existed Bigger difference, had obvious tillers bits advantage.There were no meet three times and three times more tillering happen cultivated by all four patterns. The first low tillering,the first high tillering and the second low tillering, the bearing tiller were higher, spike part character were well, the contribution to yield were large,98% yield from these stem tiller. Among them, bearing tiller of the first low tillering all reached 100%, but the highest contribution to yield was the second low tillering, more than 40% by D you 527, more than 30% by II you498, what explains the first low tillering was not the main factor of yield component in this experiment planting density, improve tiller to spike of others tillers times was one of important way to further increase production, especially by the second low tillering, this result further improved rice finally effective spike constitute and the source of yield mainly from the second low tillering, though the second tillering got contribution to yield higher than primary tillering, but the effective ways that rice obtain high yield was by coordinating relation well between primary tillering and the second tillering.5. Matter accumulation of tillers of different tillers bits of hybrid riceThis research results shows, cultivated with different methods, adopt throwing seedlings, two varieties dry matter accumulation gross both got the largest number before heading, the least number of dry matter accumulation gross when adopt wide line narrow strains when sparsely-planted cultivation, while, after heading, with wide-narrow row spacing cultivation, got the largest number of dry matter accumulation gross, and throwing seedlings got the least, to admeasure results of plant injury flow and SPAD and grain yield, these three indexes come from different cultivation methods, then we would find the rice plant root system have strong vitality during the late breeding when adopt wide-narrow row spacing cultivation and triangle cultivation, also can keep larger root system vitality after mature period, root system not decline early, plant at later growth stage could keep higher chlorophyll content, to the benefit of canopy to keep higher Photosynthetic rate, gain more matter accumulation, and after heading, the influence of dry matter accumulation gross to the grain yield larger than before heading. On the other hand, from the perspective of total biological yield, both rice varieties cultivated by throwing seedlings got the largest yield, by triangle cultivation and wide-narrow row spacing cultivation, the two varieties have some difference, but just less than throwing seedlings, by the way of wide line narrow strains when sparsely-planted cultivation, got the least yield, analysis different cultivation methods grain yield, we can know, grain yield not always high when the key of high yield lies in harvest index, and when total biological yield were oversize, would cause crop failure.Research the dry matter accumulation and total biomass production of different tillers bits of rice, two rice varieties no matter before heading but also after heading, the first low tillering and the second low tillering constitute the main of dry matter accumulation and total biomass production, the second high tillering contribute the least, this consistent to the each tillers bits leaf area constitution, combine the each tillers bits yield constitution and its contribution rate to yield, we could know, the low tillering the leaf area constitution was big, dry matter accumulation were much, total biomass production were high, the contribution rate to yield higher than high tillering. Those state clearly the rice yield must based on certain matter basis, only to increase group matter accumulation, can got higher yield in unit area. The key to increase yield was by increasing dry matter accumulation after heading, and promote the low tillering to premature and sprout much, make sure the leaf area constitution of low tillering all the effective way to enhance yield.6. Character of Vascular bundles of internode beneath spike of hybrid rice of different cultivation methodsThe results show that vascular bundle number exist extremely significant difference cultivated by different methods, wide-narrow row spacing cultivation have the most number of spike neck vascular bundle, while throwing seedlings the least. Combine the grain yield representation cultivated by different ways, know that the more number of spike neck vascular bundle, the higher the yield were, vascular bundle number and yield have the positive correlativity; while, combine the study results we know, vascular bundle number and each spike total grain number does not exist positive correlativity, so, it can be considered in this test condition, vascular bundle number more, it mainly by means of enhancing maturing rate and thousand seed weight to obtain high yield.