Expression Of IL-2,IL-4,IL-10,INF-γ And Morphology Observation In The Immune Organ And Placenta Of Spontaneous Abortion Rhesus Monkey Foetus

Objective:This experiment aimed to study the general morphology of placenta and immune organ including thymus and spleen of spontaneous abortion rhesus monkey foetus and to detect the expression and distribution of Thl-type cytokine interleukine-2 (IL-2), interferon-y (IFN-y), Th2-type cytokine interleukine-4 (IL-4), interleukine-10 (IL-10) in those tissues. This article investigated the cytokines network and general morphology of thymus, spleen and placenta during the spontaneous abortion which may provide us new ideas or reference of clinical monitoring, pathogenesy and treatment for spontaneous abortion in another point of view.Method:This research obtained 15 spontaneous abortion rhesus monkey foetuses from the National (Sichuan) Experimental Rhesus Monkey Resources Base during March,2008-March,2009. Apply general observation to measure the weight, crown-rump length, stem length and tail length according to months, general dissection and light microscope to observe change of histology, immunohistochemistry (SABC) to detect the expression and ditribution of IL-2,IL-4,IL-10 and INF-y proteins in thymus, spleen and placenta of foetus.Results:(1) The weight, crown-rump length, stem length and tail length at different stage of gravidity increased day by day according to months. And the gender difference was not significant in different gestational periods. (2) Spleens and thymuses all shown no visible pathological changes in different months. The interlobular dividing line of thymus was clear in all the groups; dividing line between cortex and medullary substance was clear and started to shown typical concentric corpuscles at two months old. organisation structure of thymus at this age was getting consummate. Since then, number of folials, lymphocytes in cortex and medullary substance increased month by month. Spleen show cells sparseness at 1 month old. The velamen of spleen matured at 2 months old and parenchyma cells increased month by month. There shown typical white pulp at 4 months old. Placentas also shown no visible pathological changes at 1 month old, but decidua basalis at 2-5 months old displayed cell disorder, blood vessel intermission widened and increased number of villus. Chorionic plate of foetus was thickening month by month. Trophocytes in villi endothecium were thinned, syneytial cells in ectosome were small, and some cells shown karyopycnosis. These all prompt that during spontaneous abortion, the immune organs were not involved in the process that much as placenta whose pathological changes had direct correlation with the abortion. (3) Expression of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 and INF-y proteins in thymus were all not positive at 1 month old, since then the optical density (OD) of positive cells and positive cells areas increased month by month; most of the positive cells distributed at the juncture of cortex and medullary substance, cortical edge, medullary substance centre, aroud concentric corpuscleses that were not degenerated and blood vessels. Among all of these cytokines, IL-2 expression in thymus was the most and also the most intensive, followed by INF-y, IL-4 and IL-10 were the least. Results suggested that IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 and INF-y formed a cytokines net at the thymocyte development and grow active region, and the main cytokines were Thl-type cytokines including IL-2 and INF-y. (4) The optical density value and positive cells areas of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, INF-y in spleen increased month by month. There were expression both in red pulp and white pulp. Among all of these cytokines, IL-2 expression in spleen was the most and also the most intensive, followed by IL-4, INF-y and IL-10 were the least. Results suggested that the Thl-type cytokines and Th2-type cytokines were balanced in spleen. (5)Distribution of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 and INF-y proteins in placenta were all concentrated in decidua basalis. Expression of INF-y was the most, followed by IL-2, they all shown increasing trend from 1 month old to 3 months old and decreased at 4 months old. Compared with INF-y, expression of IL-4 and IL-10 were all decreased significantly, although the two shown similar variation, and all of them increased gradually month by month. Results shown that the high expression of INF-y and IL-2 at placental decidua basalis involved in the early spontaneous abortion, growth of placenta was related to IL-4 and IL-10; the main cytokines involved in placenta of spontaneous abortion rhesus monkey was Thl-type ones.