| While the heated manikin is needed in clothing insulation measurement, the surface area of a clothed body is larger than nude body; the increased surface will increase the dry heat transfer from the surface to the surrounding environment. Therefore, a correction by using clothing area factor is introduced. Clothing area factor (fcl), which appears in various equations as a term or dimensionless index, is the ratio of the outer surface area of the clothed body to the surface area of the nude body, and fcl>1.In this article, the methods for measuring fcl are divided into direct and indirect ways. Direct ways use measuring tools to collect the value of area directly. Indirect ways use the other elements, such as pixels, gram weight to characterize the area element. The direct ways are divided into empirical equation method (M1), stick pasting method (M2) and innovative method combined with 3D scanning and reverse engineering (M3). The indirect ways are divided into traditional photograph method (M4) and the M5 method using 3D scanning and Photoshop (M5).The database of fcl in ISO 9920 is build from western countries, which can hardly applicable to eastern people and clothes. This article explores the changes of wearing conditions from garment properties and human body shapes; After confirming the fcl value of different dresses, the extra vehicular activity suits thermal manikin system of Donghua university is used to collect heat resistance (Ra) of the nude manikin and total thermal resistance (Rt) of dressing manikin, then according to ISO 9920, using Rcl=Rt-(?) to get the basic clothing insulation.This article includes 4 female subjects, numbered S1-S4:age 24-25, height 155-170cm, weight 45-55kg. The clothing design includes 3 reference elements:fabric properties, clothing style and clothing weight. The cotton fabrics with different specifications are numbered F1-F4. The structural parameters, draping property, tensile fracture performance, drape resistance, shrinkage are examined; in the clothing style designs, one-piece dress is taken as the basic style. Long and short garment bodies are combined to short, medium and long sleeves with velcroes,8 clothing patterns can be acquired:a (short style with no sleeves)～h (long style with long sleeves). i with no collar or sleeves is taken as comparison; clothing weight is taken as one of the indexs besides fabric and style.In conclusion, this article designs 4 kinds of fabrics and 9 styles, every female subject wears 36 times,144 (36×4) fcl values are collected totally. M1 can only be applied to measure nude body; M2 can be applied to measure the tight dressed surface area, inapplicable to this experiment. M3 reconstructes 148 (37x4) human models with reverse engineering software Rapidform2006; M4 photographs every object in 6 directions,888 (37×4×6)black and white pictures are processed; M5 shots pictures in 8 directions from 3D models, which are repaired with 3Ds max software.1184 (37×4×8) black and white pictures are processed.Correlation analysis of the different measuring methods indicates M3 tends to have a similar variation trend with M4(a=0.01). And M5 appears the same rule in an amplified level of significance (a=0.05), the degree of correlation is obviously lower however. M3 builds an innovative and rational procedure for measuring fcl with the combination of 3D scanning and reverse engineering theory. M3 can not only replace the traditional method, but also greatly cut down the measurement period.25 eligible females are taken to examine the nude body surface area using M3. The equation of H, W and nude body surface area is concluded: S=0.177+0.016×W+0.316×H; The value of fcl and Rcl are analyzed in simulation analysis with SPSS, the regression equation is fcl=1.012+0.207Rcl. |
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