Ecosystem Diversity Assessment In Northwest Yunnan Of China

Northwest of Yunnan province is one of the region, which has the richest geographic landscape, ecosystem types and the species in the world, and richest ecological landscape resources, water resources and non-ferrous mineral resources in China. It has special geological, complicated terrain, and diversity climate. It located in upstream of Jinsha river,Lancang river, Nujiang river and Dulongjiang river. It plays an important role in providing ecological services. Effectively protect biodiversity in northwest Yunnan, rational use of natural resources, has great significance. At present, the Biodiversity Conservation in Northwest Yunnan is mainly based on survey and inventory of species resources.In this study, used remote sensing and geographic information system technology, in ecosystem level, set up the ecosystem classification system, analyzed the characteristics of ecosystems, established regional ecosystem diversity access index system, taking Dali and Eryuan County in northwest Yunnan as an example. This paper explored quantitative assessment of ecosystem diversity using remote sensing data, from the ecosystem composition, structure, function and stress .The main research results and conclusions are as follows:(1) Established a regional ecosystem classification system. In this study, the author established a regional ecosystem classification system, make sure the ecosystem types, analyzed the stress characteristics of ecosystem. According to the ecosystem pattern from 1995 to 2008, We know that: the natural ecosystem in study area was degradation, the native vegetation was reduction, habitat changed and destructed, causing a serious threat to species richness. Coupled with excessive tourism development and invasive species, the capacity of ecosystem in the study area to maintain biodiversity is facing tremendous pressure.(2) Established a regional ecosystem diversity assessment index system. In this paper,"Pressure-state-response"(PSR) model was selected and assessment indexes for ecosystem diversity was established in terms of ecosystem composition, structure, function and pressure, selected the population pressure, urbanization, soil erosion as a pressure indicator, select the richness, fragmentation, nature and connectivity of ecosystem as an indicator of the state, selected the production capacity and vegetation cover as a response indicator, constructed of a assessment system of ecosystem diversity. The ecological meaning of each index were explained, the weights for these indexes were determined .The criteria of ecosystem diversity were determined.(3) The author analyzed the change characteristics of ecosystem diversity, drive mechanism, proposed the ecosystem biodiversity conservation measures. In this paper, the author assessed the ecosystem diversity in 1995, 2000 and 2008, the results show that: Overall, ecosystem diversity in the study area was in good condition, but had declined trend. The major factors of ecosystem diversity drop were human's activities, such as: the fragility of the ecosystem its own, population growth, urbanization, socio-economic rise, the rapid development of the tourism industry, and government policies influence and so on. Develop ecological tourism, determinate the priority area or ecosystem, perfect the protection system, use the tradition culture to protect the biodiversity are the effectual protection measures.