| With the rapid development of social economy, the increasing demand for mineral resources, the exploitation of various mineral resources also will be frequent. Large-scale exploitation of coal resources and other mineral resources not only caused serious damaged to the ecological balance of the mining area, but also polluted the surrounding environment, even induced a series of geological disasters in mining area,which has become a frequent area of geological disasters. How to Predict and assess the mining geological hazards, to provide a scientific basis for the prevention of geological disaster, has become an urgent task of mankind. Remote sensing technology as a means of high-tech, it is fast, real-time, periodic, informative features and so on, which has played an important role in investigation, monitoring and risk assessment geological disaster.The article selected the Baiyin coal mine area in Gansu Province as the reseach area, used 2008 and 2010 IKONOS satellite image as the data sources, researched on information extraction for the type, size and number of geological disasters.Besides, based on the 1km×1km evaluation unit, using GIS-based information method and leading indicator of the weighted average method to partition the risk assessment. Major achievements and innovations were as follows:(1) In the full collection relevant achievements material, and on the basis of the thorough research the characters of natural geography, regional geological mineral characteristics and existing geological disaster situation, and analyzed the impact of geological disaster area studied the influence factors of the geological disaster, for the subsequent remote sensing information extraction project, and risk evaluation division to lay a good foundation.(2) Based on the analysis the basic parameters and the band features of IKONOS satellite data, research on the Ortho method for the low shot mountainous terrain study area and by Pansharp image fusion technology to improve the image color, clarity and texture, rich content of remote sensing image. In addition, produced three-dimensional imagery, visual representation of the study area, three-dimensional morphological characteristics of geological hazards created good conditions for extraction and improved the solution translation accuracy of the collapse pit, ground cracks, ground subsidence and other geological disasters in the reseach area.(3) On the basis of visual interpretation of geological disasters in the reseach area, applied ENVI, ERDAS, such as remote sensing software, established of knowledge model of information extraction for various types of geological hazards in reseach area, then automatic extract disaster information by computer, by comparing the field and field verification, founded out collapse pits 112, cracks 45, a settlement area 3.71km2 in 2008; collapse pit 163, cracks up 119, the settlement area expanded to 18.65 km2 in 2010.(4) Established three-tier structure for geological hazard evaluation, quantitative extracted such as disaster point density, slope, aspect and other six evaluation.using GIS-based information method and leading indicator of the weighted average method to partition the risk assessment for reseach area, by comparing field analysis and field research, divided into five risk grades:high risk areas, high-risk area, in the danger zone, low risk area and risk level of the five non-hazardous areas.(5) Through remote sensing technology, firstly Applied to monitor and risk assess geological disaster, initially formed a more complete risk assessment of technical route system and method for geological hazards, namely data collection, establishment evaluation index system, calculation evaluation unit, using assessment modle to determination risk grades, in order to provide a certain reference value and significance for the future similar reseach. |
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