| Carrier-free pulse technology and ultra-broadband (UWB) technology have already widely applied in target recognition, imaging, anti-stealth, anti-interference and UWB communication and so on, The antennas as key component of pulse and UWB systems have also become research focus. This paper mainly makes a study on several UWB pulse antennas, antenna array and beam scanning, its content is focused on antenna time-domain and frequency-domain characteristics, planar UWB antenna miniaturization, electrical-connected UWB slot antenna array design and its beam scanning and presents a time delay device and so on. The work and innovations are as follows:1. The antenna gain can be improved by virtue of substrate cladding, the result of simulation has been effective, single-layer substrate can increase the antenna gain by 3-5dB. Using dielectric material in microstrip antenna is an important development direction for new high gain antenna. The study is not only a wonderful guide for substrate applied in antenna, but also an important reference value for miniaturization high-gain antenna development.2. Several UWB pulse antennas are designed to meet an item "xxxxxx" requirement of small caliber (7cm) antenna, these antennas have lot of features, such as new load technology, small size, broad bandwidth, high gain, good direction, low profile and so on. Each load technology solves some technical problem: Loading restraint aperture ring technology increases radiation efficiency and reduces the low frequency; In order to eliminate pulse ringing and solve serious resonant problem, a circular double-patch guide technique is used; overlapping load at GSM-1800 stop band is to make the system work with the GSM system not happen band crosstalk.3. A new lock patch antenna fed by coplanar waveguide is designed, its maximum diameter is 6cm, the bandwidth from 1.4GHz to 11GHz is passband, meanwhile its omni-directional is good, testing result coincides well with simulation result. 4. In order to preserve higher fidelity of Gaussian pulse and increase the antenna radiation efficiency, the electrical-connected slot antenna based on original integrated antenna is proposed to improve antenna radiation efficiency, which can also enhances antenna ability of radiating low-frequency signal, meanwhile the bandwidth expands: the original integrated antenna bandwidth is from 295MHz to 560MHz, that is only 265MHz, while the electrical-connected one is from 186MHz to 760MHz, that is 574MHz, the low-frequency characteristics is evidently improved, which effectively improves antenna radiation efficiency, thus it is more suitable for radiating ultra-wideband pulse.5. UWB impulse radar includes laser delay controller, pulse source, the radiation antenna arrays and other important parts. Utilizing UWB antenna array and delay controller to achieve its time-domain scanning has a wide application, such as mobile target detection and tracking.The paper simulates and tests simple two-element linear array beam scanning, its scanning accuracy is consistent with the calculated value.6. This paper presents a time delay device which is low-cost, high-range, multi-output and simple. A classical formula is deduced according to beam scanning theory, which about scanning angle is to calculate fiber length, it also provides theoretical calculation basis for each episode delay amount of delay device.UWB pulse antenna , also known as time-domain antenna, as a new technology it has become a research focus in the antenna field in recent years. Its ability is to radiate pulse and maintain good fidelity with excitation pulse, it also has very wide bandwidth, which means such antenna as electromagnetic pulse weapons radiation device applied in the military field will bring a broad prospect. |
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