Three Dimensional Wireless Sensor Networks For Topology Control Algorithm For Energy Consumption Optimization

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have been widely used in a variety of areas, and every moment masses of data are collected from the physical world. No matter where the workplace is and what the work environment is like, even in some scenarios with strict communication and energy constraints, WSNs can satisfy people’s needs. WSNs are generally composed of devices or equipment with limited resources, therefore an effective way these devices or equipment operate must be found, especially concerning the energy consumption. There are many methods to make WSNs more energy-efficient, and in this paper the energy problem is solved form the perspective of the topology control.Early studies on WSNs are mainly based on the ideal two-dimensional plane. But in practice most monitoring or sensing scenarios are large-scale three-dimensional networks. For example, in the applications of underwater environment monitoring and space environment detecting, the sensor nodes are distributed in the three-dimensional space and form a three-dimensional topology. As a result the research on three-dimensional WSNs is gaining more and more attention, and especially with the fast development of underwater acoustic sensor networks, the research and development of three-dimensional WSNs have been further promoted.The topology control of three-dimensional WSNs is not only the basic issue in the research on three-dimensional WSNs, but also an important supporting technique. The topology control algorithms can help the network efficiently use the energy and extend the network lifetime, meanwhile reduce the retransmission and transmission delay, thus improve the communication efficiency of the whole network. This paper mainly focuses on the topology control of three-dimensional WSNs, and proposes two topology control algorithms oriented to energy consumption optimization, which are useful for practical applications.A possible method to optimize the energy consumption is to design a mechanism which allows the sensor nodes to turn on the communication module only if necessary and sleep in a low-power mode if not needed to transmit data. So some topology control algorithms based on self-adaptive sleep scheduling have been proposed, and one of the classic algorithms is ASCENT. This paper improves the heuristic mechanism of ACENT, and proposed a self-adaptive sleep scheduling algorithm for three-dimensional WSNs (SSS-3D) which is a three-dimensional extension of ASCENT. And the performance is demonstrated by simulation experiments.In some applications the sensor nodes are able to determine their location by geographic information, which can be used to partition the sensor nodes into several clusters or cells. Each cluster has a cluster head which is selected from the nodes contained in this cluster. Cluster heads form a backbone topology responsible for the communication tasks in the network. Such clustering algorithms are relatively more adaptable and energy-efficient. In this paper GCC-3D is proposed as the three-dimensional extension of the classic geographic clustering algorithm GAF, which presented a method to partition the three-dimensional space into many virtual cells, as well as the improved inner mechanism of clusters. GCC-3D is implemented with a classic routing protocol AODV in the simulation experiments and the results prove its good performance in energy consumption optimization.