| Pre-tournament training is the training of six to eight weeks just before the competition. It aims to acquire excellent achievements. So the arrangement of pre-tournament training directly influences athletes' exertion. Scientific and reasonable training plan is the base that pre-tournament training could effectively proceed. Athletes' subjective and objective reaction can help coaches judge their endurance so as to successfully carry on the plan. In the existed researches of pre-tournament training to university students, it is mostly according to the experience of coaches and subjective reaction of athletes. They little research the objective physiological indexes such as heart rate and urinary protein. In order to discuss the rules and means of the pre-tournament training of the middle and long distance runners of the university students, we regard the Shandong Province s middle and long distance team who attended the 6th PRC collegiate games as the research objective and have six weeks trace and research. In the training, according to Shandong Province university students' characteristics, the paper combines physiological indexes with coaches' experience and athletes' subjective reaction, which reasonably arrange and adjust the training plan. To verify the training methods and the control ways, the experiences are used to the pre-tournament training of the Shandon Normal University s middle and long distance team who attended the 8th PRC trade and field championship. The methods of experiments, literature, consultation, statistic and so on were used in the article. The training plan and the physiological and biochemical indexes had been noted, measured and analyzed, and then the achievements had been compared.The results show that: (1) The training plan is six weeks. In the first week, the main aim is to recover physical force, to train basic resistance, quantity firstly, intensity secondly, planning long distance running for 2-3 times. The speed, speed endurance and strength were trained auxiliarily. From the second week, the intensity was boosted in order to improve especial ability and stress the especial quality. The adjustment was arranged in the last week in order to attend to the match. (2) The athletes had gained outstanding success. One achievedthe champion in female 5000m and 10000m; one had the second place in female 10000m; one had the third in male 800m and the third in 1500m in the 6th PRC collegiate games. In the 8th PRC trade and field championship, one has the second place in male 3000 hindrances; one had the second in female 10000m. (3) The athletes' basic heart rate in calm state and urinary protein after the exercise depressed clearly with the advance of the training(P<0. 05). (4) The results of physiological indexes of the first and last week of the athletes who attended the 6th PRC collegiate games were as follows: the basic heart rate (time/rain) was 61.83?.54 vs.59.92 +5.93 (P<0.05); the heart function index was 6.65+0.44 (middle) vs.4.87+ 1.24(better) (P<0.05); anaerobic power (J/s) was 758. 59?38. 04 vs.789.05+136.99 (P<0.05); the holding breath time after inhaling (s)was 56.5+7.29 vs.66.92 +4.46 (P<0.01) ; the holding breath time after exhaling (s) was 42.42+6.00 vs.53.50+7.12 (P<0.01); V02MI (L/min) was 4.11+0.41 vs.4.28+0.39 (P<0.01) ; the speed-heart rate AT was 156.92+4.40 vs. 165.58+10.18 (P<0.05). The results of physiological indexes of the first and last week of the athletes who attended the 8th PRC trade and field championship were as follows: the basic heart rate (time/min) was 60 vs. 55x 59 vs. 55, 60 vs. 65; the heart function index was 7. 1 (middle) vs. 4. 2 (better) , 6. 9 (middle) vs. 3. 9 (better) > 8. 0 (middle) vs. 4. 9 (better) ; anaerobic power(J/s) was 813. 9 vs. 859, 825.6 vs. 868.1> 640. 3 vs. 670. 7; the holding breath time after inhaling (s) was 55 vs. 65, 58 vs. 70, 50 vs. 65; the holding breath time after exhaling (s) was 50 vs. 55 45 vs. 53, 40 vs. 50; Vo3lBU (L/min) was 4. 3 vs. 4. 6 4.5 vs. 4. 8, 3.8 vs. 4.1; the speed-heart rate AT was 155 v... |
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