.1927-1965 The Course Of Development Of The Physics Of The University Of Chicago

The time from 1927 to 1965 was not only the ripe period of morden physics revolution, but also the rising time of American physics approaching the center of worldwide physics. Physics in Chicago University on the basis of own features in this period, realized the broadening development of discipline, and became the tipical discipline representative of glory development in American after twenty years behind World Warâ…¡. The case study on pattern of physics development history in Chicago University can explored the rules of discipline development in university, discovering the constructive focus in different period, and improving the method and idea of the discipline development in the perspective of historical,documentary,comparative method and case study.It takes a long time to construct the pattern of physics development in Chicago University.According to the different focus implemented by physics in Chicago University in different period, three stages has been divided:(1) The years from 1927 to 1939 was the period of organization molding and stable development of physics department of Chicago University. Realizing the development of discipline and speciality,and improving the quality and creative research was the goal of Chicago University in that period. Constructing mature organization,realizing breakthrough of research fields was the goal of physics department in Chicago University. The period of stable development gave the growing space to physics, and made best preparation for the following evolution opportunity.(2) The years from 1940 to 1945 was the period of wartime research in Chicago University. "Seize the wartime opportunity,Cultivate Key areas of discipline"was its development plan.The physics in Chicago University occupied the center of atom research of American, by seizing wartime opportunity, in virtue of excellent resources and models in wartime research, and by way of sally port of atomic physics research. Chicago University provide service for the war, the orientation of research and development goal was changed with the need of war.Taking the advantage of war opportunity made it more easier to fitting to the big science research for physics,and added more practical and broad contents to physics research in the university. (3) The years from 1945 to 1965 was the period of expanding development for physics of Chicago University. "Integration of resources, Interdisciplinary cooperation, expanding physics research fields" was the emphasis. Chicago University absorbed excellent resources in wartime, constructiving interdisciplinary research organization, expanding the physics department and external cooperation, cultivating undergraduate students and young physical scientists, for expanding physics influence of Chicago University in the new physics era, which would provide a higher platform and vision in the future development of physics in Chicago University.Finally, it explores from the perspective of higher education and philosophy rationale to discuss the development history of physics in Chicago University: Success of discipline development in university not only relies on Inevitability factors like rules of discipline and the mature mechanism of university, but also how to make good use of Contingency factors like opportunity of development. The success stems from the accordance of inevitability factors and contingency factors, relies heavily in the advantage of development when the physics in the high tide phase, which makes it easier for university to achieve success.