High School Students In The Learning Of The Concept Of "statistics And Probability" Error Cause Analysis And Countermeasures Research

Probability and statistics is a science that studies data and chance and it is used widely in natural science, social science and the normal market economy. The idea of probability and statistics has been take as a kind of basic diathesis and brought into math in the New Curriculum Standard of high school. It is paid close attention to whatever in Curriculum Settings, classes arrange, or the exam request. In "the mathematic curriculum standard of the Full-time Compulsory Education" the part of Probability and statistics mainly includes: gathering, trimming and describing the data, including simple sampling, cleaning up the research data, making statistical tables and so on; dealing with data including counting the average, median, mode, range, variance; getting information from the data and having a simple discursion; random events and the probability of it.The Error Causes Analysis and Countermeasures Research of probability and statistics are studied for senior middle school students in this paper.In chapter 1, background and meaning of this study is present. In chapter 2, the conceptions that the article has involved are defined. The current study situation and the teaching contents and requirements are analysed.In chapter 3,this thesis will focus on the error that high school students often meet in this part and its reason, then advance correlative study. The author has found some typical error in understanding the conception by reading literature, homework of students and the exam situation in college entrance examination. At the same time, according to the teaching material and some associated material, some questionnaires were answered by 390 students and 35 teachers from three schools in Shandong Province, which is aimed at stating the errors that students meet in probability and statistics, analyze the reasons and finally bring the associated decision-making study.In chapter 4, the reslut analysis and countermeasures about the questionnaires are put out. It contains 10 areas: 1)concept of Possible events, Impossible event and Certain events;2)concept of frequency and probability;3)concept of Opposite events, Mutually exclusive events and independent events;4)concept of Equal Possible Bias;5)Binomial distribution and hypergeometric distribution;6)Predicted ResultsTend;7)characteristics of Populations number and Sample numbers 8) concept of Sampling;9)understangding of numerical characteristics of data;10)the relationship between Permutations, combinations and probability and statistics In chapter 5, this thesis will focus on questionnaires were answered by teachers.It mainly. The questionnaires'purpose is to analysis whether can teachers'knowledge affect students'understanding of this part. According to the analyses, the teachers'knowledge in this part and the New Curriculum Standard of high school is low mainly on teaching material and reference.In chapter 6, conclusions and countermeasures are given out based on the questionnaires.(1)Questions in probability and statistics has tight connection with everyday life, so that student makes some subjective errors.(2)Students'thinking set in learning Mathematics always influences their understanding in random thoughts.(3)Misinterpret in Equal Probability is very common in students which is an comparatively serious error.(4)Confusion in Mutually exclusive events and independent events is more serious.(5)There is a great misunderstanding in frequency and probability.(6)Students do not know how to select a suitable sample from a population and which method should be used. Some students'even have confusion inSystematic sampling and Stratified sampling.(7)There is a serious error in understanding of characteristics of the sample numbers.Students do not know characteristics of each sample numbers'applicable scope and chose it without discrimination, so that take a biased view of characteristics of the populations number.The teachers'knowledge in this part and the New Curriculum Standard of high school is low which will have serious implications for students'understanding in probability and statistics.Probability and statistics is a wide field and this thesis just studies the errors that students often make in this part. There are still many aspects for us to study in the probability and statistics teaching in New Curriculum for high school.