| Regional economy still appears unbalanced under the tide of globalization. Those regions that develop quickly attract wide attention and inspire research into it. Porter (1990) argued that enterprises cluster exists in many regions and industries, which has eminent competitive advantage on the basis of synergy effect and this competitive ability is not easy to copy.In chapter 1, based on summarizing different concepts of enterprises cluster, the thesis gives its own concept and looks cluster as a new form of industrial organization, whose structure is between complete market and bureaucracy. The author reviews the evolution of enterprises cluster theory from external economic theory, agglomeration theory, territorial production complex and growth pole theory to new competitive economic theory. Marshall tries to explain this phenomenon by focusing on external scale economic, and Weber looks it as an important agglomerative factor while making decision on regional investment. But territorial production complex and growth pole theory advocate that enterprises cluster can be formed by government investment. From the perspective of competition, Porter emphasizes the importance of cluster to country and region.Our scholars still stayed around general introduction towards western theories before 21st century. But in the last few years, combining with the practice of enterprises cluster in our country, many scholars have carried out some on-the-spot survey and obtained lots of precious first hand material. They research into enterprises cluster from different angles. But so far, there is still lack of systemic theoretical analysis.Chapter 2, based on macro view, enterprises cluster is of great significance to the development of regional economy and the enhancement of competitive abilities of regional economy. Moreover, cluster plays an important role in the improvement of our industrial structure. From micro view, the weakness of mid-small enterprises can be overcame by the existence of enterprises cluster, mid-small enterprises in cluster can take advantage of technological innovation, high production efficiency and so on, which are important in development of them. At last, a positive study on the function of cluster in the development of mid-small enterprises in Zhejiang and Guangdong province is carried out in this thesis, which supports the opinion presented above.Chapter 3, firstly, the thesis discusses the preconditions of enterprises cluster formation. The necessary conditions for clustering are technical divisibility of production process, rich opportunity of product differentiation, global market and low transportation cost. It also argues that mature institutions and good social capital and so on are the subsidiary conditions.Secondly, the author describes the formation mechanism of enterprises cluster in detail. In essence, the cluster formation is a process of institutional evolution. It needs network founder or market maker, and the amount of enterprises must reach some critical mass. After that, the inducing institutional evolution will work. The process of pursuing the external profits including external scale economy, lower transaction cost and so on is just the process of cluster formation. But the public policy carried out by local government is needed because the inducing institutional evolution has some problems such as long-term and external economic feature.The enterprises cluster itself has the mechanism of self-enforce and path dependency, depending on which can cluster develop smoothly. But the path dependency will change its way because of the change of conditions. So the public policy is also needed in order to avoid inefficiency. In Chapter 4, the author introduces the present situation of enterprises clusters in our country, the development of local small businesses and regional economy in Zhejiang and Guangdong province has been put forward dramatically by the existence of enterprises cluster. The second sector analyzes existing problems in enterprises clusters,... |
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