On The Spirit Of The Qin Dynasty To The Qin Hanshi

Scholars play a very significant role in the history of China.They're not only the creators and inheritors of the culture of China,but also the controllers and managers of the tradition in Chinese society.The spirit which they reflected produces a great effect on the formation of the Chinese Nation Spirit.Before this,many researches of the scholars' spirit mostly emphasis on talking about that in the Pre----Qin Period,but cover the research of the spirit in Qin and Han Period more or less. They never make a comprehensive and systematic study on it.The object of this study is the scholars' spirit in this period in detail.According to that,we can understand the journey of the spirit's development and why it would occur.This essay is divided into 6 chapters.ChapterⅠis the introduction.Firstly,stating the researching current situation of the scholars' spirit from the Pre---Qin to Qin and Han Period.Secondly,establishing the researching methods of the essay,as well as the purpose and the influence of this research.Finally,analyzing some concepts which appear in the essay,such as scholars,spirit and so on.ChapterⅡaims to analyze the spirit in the Pre—Qin Period.The Pre---Qin Period,especially the Spring and Autumn Period and the Period of Warring States,was in political upheaval.Because of this political atmosphere,the period created different spirits.Section One is mainly talking about the origin of the scholars and illustrating the scholars from two respects.Then classifying the scholars so that the further discussion of the spirit of the scholars.In the second section,I explore the basic functions of the scholars in the first level;I set the position on the scholars in the second level. In the third section,I mainly explore the appearance of the spirit in that period.At the first,I analyze the background and the causes of its appearance according to two aspects:one is the influence of the political atmosphere,the other one is the influence of cultural atmosphere.At last,the subject is the appearance of the spirit in the Pre----Qin Period.This part stresses to explain that they devoted themselves to doctrines,that how they adapted themselves to the surroundings,that their criticism, sufferings,self---denial.ChapterⅢis mainly to discuss the changes of their spirit in the Qin Dynasty(221---206B.C.). In that dynasty,the scholars were fettered in the dictatorial system.Facing with the new political policy,they began to break up.Section One is describing the setup after the First Emperor of Qin unifying China.I summarize this from the respect of the political in the first level and from the other respect of the thoughts in the second level.In the dynasty,the ruler carried out the autocratic thinking,"To eliminate all the thinking schools,only the Confucian school is divine." The contents in Section Two is narrating that facing such system,the scholars made different choices.Some of them chose to attach themselves to the royal government;Some people live away from the mortal life in order to devote themselves to the academic study;Others fight against the domination.From these facts,they reflect many different great spirits.ChapterⅣis the research of their spirit and severing the people in the Western Han Dynasty (206B.C.----A.D.24).This chapter contains two periods,also one period is one section.Section One is from the early Han to domination of the Wu Emperor of Han.In the first level,there are three problems which the Emperor must solve:the first one is the resuming of the economy,the second one is the political stability,the third one is the steady of the frontier.The second level is on the view of its culture.In this time,the ruler modified the policy of the culture,"Govern by doing nothing that goes against nature",which is opposite to the tactics of the Qin.The third level is the research of their severing the people.The last level is on the view of training the scholars.Section Two is the study of the mid and later---term in the Western Han Dynasty.Firstly,describe the present situation,then explain it from the transformation in the thought.Finally,describe their performances and the spirit they reflected.ChapterⅤis the development of the spirit in the Eastern Han Period(25----220).This chaper contains three sections.One is strengthening the power of the emperor,the other one is describing the expression of declining on politics,the last is their spirit and severing the people.ChapterⅥis the conclusion.It aims to summarize the main ideas of the essay.