Ming Lowering

"Xiang-Ren" of the Ming Dynasty is a very special minority groups. This paper using the word of "Xiang-Ren"in "Ri-Zhi-Lu" to surrender people who living under the effective authority of the the Ming Government, as the government officially recognized ethnic minority residents. This paper using The Tianshun, Chenghua period as a dividing line, divide the problem into two parts,and detailed comparing of the two parts about the Xiang-Ren who given in, officials, treatment, and the attitude at different times of the Ming Government was.The paper was more comprehensive and systematic description.In the introduction, the paper made a simple introduction of the studys of the probleme nowadays and to determine the purpose of this paper.In the first chapter, the paper pointing out the cause of Xiang-ren that the result of Xiang-ren was the Government's policy and the minority common internal conflicts , because the forces of Mongolia remains Powerful, made that the Government can not completely destroy the power of desert, so the government offensive to the minority parties at the same time vigorously to made minority surrendered. in order to collapsed the rival camp, while the minority is also willing to move south to join Ming dynasty beacause the internal contradictions.In the second chapter the paper focuses on the problem of the placement and treatment of the Xiangren at different times that the Government given and the various provisions of the Government made ,and focused on the main drop - Daguan of the various military situation. As the lower the policy of indulgence of the government, and many other reasons, Xiang-ren triggered a variety of serious social problems, the Government had very huge impact, involving the military, financial, political and even a threat to the safety of the imperial power. At the same time, nationalist sentiments and the other drawbacks, the Ming Government never descending on the Xiang-ren there is a certain sense of prevention, with the people down the increasingly serious problem, such sentiments are more and more intense . In this paper, the third chapter focuses on the down and out all kinds of negative impact on the government to guard against.As the growing of shortcomings of Xiang -ren , from Tianshun, that the Government had to solved the problem of Xiang-ren. Therefore, in Tianshun, and Chenghua time, the Government changed the policy of the Xiang-ren, to making the problem of Xiangren was partly solution. Through various channels as the policy changes and long exchange with the Han people,Xiang-ren was descending on the great changes have taken place, significantly different from before ,majority of people were descending , and there are practical effect of the Daguan Army Were only the Guangdong and Guangxi areas and the North Zhili only.It is the problem of this chapter.Chapter V of this paper mainly discussed the middle and late Ming Dynasty's policy on ethnic minorities. During this period the policy was not actively in some places, but in Liaodong and other places as the representative, has established a more comprehensive than the previous Zhaoxiang system. Due to historical reasons, this period also produced a new form of Xiang-ren -Fu-sai. The chapter also descending on the living of Xiang-ren during this period, such as changes in various aspects of the detailed description.Chapter VI of this paper focuses on the late Ming Dynasty who Xiang-ren the climax and its causes, and the disappearance of Xiang-ren.Conclusion of the paper on the content of the summary of the Ming Dynasty Xiang-ren,and give a positive assessment of the problem.