Kant Liability Theory

"Obligation",as one of the important category on Ethics,has profound meaning and broad extension.Reviewing the research and development on modem obligation and responsibility,the theory of Kant's obligation nearly occupies an important position,both Theoretical Ethics and Applied Ethics;both Metaethics and Normative Ethics can find their origins from the theory of Kant's obligation to discuss obligation,the theory of Kant's obligation looks like,a "tank" The theory on obligation before that of Kant all flow in Kant and The theory on obligation after that of Kant outflow from Kant.Experts and scholars in the study of obligation cannot bypass Kant's theory.Therefore,the research on Kant's theory of obligation has great theoretical significance and practical value.Kant,the founder of German classical Ethics,on the one hand,through criticism on pure reason,regains the authority of the reason,settles the basic of moral by way of the possibility of freedom,and cuts road of moral metaphysics on the other hand; he establishes the primary of Practical reason emphasizes the initiative practical reason,display the main body of the human and advances personality and dignity of the human.From a philosophical sense,Kant's Critique of the reason summarizes and sublimates the neoteric ideology on reason.It is a."Copernican Revolution",moreover, has epoch-making significance.Through "legislation for the nature" and "legislation for the human "Kant settles tergiversate about inevitability of the nature and freedom by-the dialectic of the reason, paves the way for practical philosophy,and lays a firm and solid foundation for his obligation.On this basis,he has the good will and freedom as the prerequisite, command moral ethics rules and autonomy under the practical reason,and constructs a priori system on obligation that rounds freedom and obligation.In the theory of obligation,on the premise of his thought that human being is a finite rational being and a free will being,he considers that the ethical behavior of the human is under the constraints of nature and domination of the practical reason.By the chance of law of freedom,the practical reason dictates,restrict himself, moreover,he overcomes the motive caused by all unreasonable impulsion including taste,desire,establish moral rules himself and obey these rules.Thus,the human could shoulder their obligation through practical reason.So Kant considers obligation is the need of behavior caused by respecting law(moral rule or discipline),regards obligation as the origin of the all moral act,and looks upon "the purpose of people","freedom","the highest good" as value goal of obligate existence. That not only entrusts profound ethical intension to obligation,but also embraces the association and unification of obligation regarding its main body,existence and value.Kant's theory of obligation is founded on the basic of a priori virtue.It is a ethics system established by the model of reasonable thinking.It takes reality as its setting, but it put the experience,desire of the human out of the moral rule.That is to say,he establishes a value concept which accounts for pure obligation and overemphasizes utter order of practical reason and autonomy of will The greatest bug of it is its distance from concrete social settling and historical condition,which causes its inanition and abstract.As the agent of the bourgeois in Germany,its nature of class and unison is obvious.Marxism thinks anything should be considered dialectically,so,the theory of Kant's obligation has obvious localization,but that can't discount its glamour across time of its academic elite.With the coming of 20~th century,the development of science and technology brings chance and challenge to the human,but also causes the loss of humanity and crisis of modern and postmodern cultural value the most great represent is the moral frost and infirmness of sense on obligation and mistake on obligation relation,which brings that the Reality of ethic can't become something that should comes,and the reality of obligation becomes empty fancy.On the basic of it,advancing the obligation of Kant and researching it systematically and dialectically,not only could bring coach and reference on methodology to currently obligation instruction and moral cultivation,but also provide great revelation to carry out and develop responsibility.