Cite The Virtues And The Han Dynasty Politics

This paper, which depends on available achievements, bamboo-sheet documents, and Qin-Han ancient books and records, makes a complete research on the Recommendation of Able and Virtuous Men made by the Han Dynasty. The author researches deeply into the relationships between the Recommendation of Able and Virtuous Men and the politics of Han dynasty, and studies comprehensively the interaction between able and virtuous men and the politics of Han Dynasty.Firstly, the author researches into the Recommendation of Able and Virtuous Men and its evolution. The author gives the definition of Juxianliang, and talks about the item of Recommendation of Able and Virtuous Men, then argues that the Recommendation of Able and Virtuous Men in a narrow sense had been a category of recommendation system which included Xianliang, Fangzheng, and Zhiyan as the main recommendation items, while the Wenxue Recommendation system and the Recommendation of Able and Virtuous Men had been two different official election systems. By focusing on analyzing the characteristics of this election's different phases, the author holds that the Recommendation of Able and Virtuous Men had been the result of politics of Han Dynasty, and the development of the Recommendation of Able and Virtuous Men was in accordance with the course of history during Han Dynasty. The author studies the family background, the qualifications and record of service, and the appointment of the able and virtuous men, too. The author points out that the main family background should be the feudal officials, the rich, and the Confucian scholars, that the main qualifications and record service should be the feudal officials at their posts or not, and that the main parts of the appointment should be basically identical with those of the Xiaolian Civil-Service Examination system, all of which reflected that the way of making use of personnel with the trait of paying attention to the ability and the qualifications and the record of service were not limited to one pattern.Secondly, the author researches into the procedures of the Recommendation of Able and Virtuous Men, and the countermeasures taken by able and virtuous men. As to the Recommendation of Able and Virtuous Men the author considers that there were two important political reasons that should be paid attention to--one should be for strengthening the imperial power, another should be for strengthening the discipline of feudal official. The author shows that the variance of the constitution of the electors reflected the development of the situation of politics, and that there was a beneficent treatment between the selectors and the candidates since the selectors had the responsibility to recommend candidates to the government and had to be in charge of these candidates. The author has also researched into the organization of the countermeasure and the substances of the countermeasures taken by able and virtuous men. In the author's opinion, the countermeasures, themselves were the epitome of the politics of Han Dynasty.Thirdly, the author researches into the influences of able and virtuous men on the politics of Han Dynasty. It is said in this part that as an important part of the system of supervision and Recommendation in Han Dynasty the Recommendation of Able and Virtuous Men contained the theories of political consultations and official election by examination etc., providing multitudinous qualified politicians. Able and virtuous men with their distinct political images in Han Dynasty play an important role in the political construction and promoted the development of politics of Han Dynasty.Moreover, the author discusses the limitations of the Recommendation of Able and Virtuous Men, such as the influences of the dictatorial system, the social limitation of the constitution of the candidates, and the phenomenon of the deceit on recommendation. All these chronic diseases restricted the development of the Recommendation of Able and virtuous men. For this reason the Recommendation of Able and Virtuous Men ha...