Recommend, Tang Dynasty

Recommendation of successor, winter recommendation and recommendation of county magistrate are major recommendation forms during the Tang Dynasty. Recommendation of successor appeared in the fourth year of the Xianqing era during the reign of Emperor Gaozong。After the fourth year of Xianqing, the recommendation of successor system developed and took a mature form in the first year of Jianzhong. After the analysis of the examples ,the author gets a conclusion that most of the recommend persons and the persons been recommend were officials of central authority .From the reign of Emperor Yizong, recommendation of successor gradually became lax and died out with the Tang dynasty. Winter recommendation appeared in the fifth year of the Zhenyuan era during the reign of Emperor Dezong. After the Winter recommendation's foundation,the range of the the person who has been recommended was adjust for several times.But the range of the referee was stabilize.The number and standard of the person who has been recommended was restricted.After several years of the Winter recommendation'foundation, examination became a must.The person who can pass the examination will be appointed a government position and the rank of him was over the fifth grade .If he can't pass the examination,he can only take part in the official selection and be appointed a government position,but the rank was below the sixth grade. To some extent, it facilitated the selection of talents, and played a positive role in strengthening central cohesiveness and promoting the attachment of local governments to the central government. Recommendation of county magistrate was born in the third year of the Zhenguan era. It was similar to the program of county magistrate which partook of special imperial examination, but there were fundamental differences between them. From the Zhenguan era to the early years of the Yuanhe era,the ruler put recommendation of county magistrate in an important position,so the recommendation of county magistrate achieved better growth. However, as it was likely to open the door to fluke and excessively eroded the role of the Board of Personnel in official selection, it began to be circumscribed from the fourth year of the Yuanhe era and was twice terminated in the thirteen year of Yuanhe and first year of the Changqing era. When it came to the Dahe era during the reign of Emperor Wenzong, the Board of Personnel and the Secretariat-Chancellery compromised to each other on matters concerning recommendation of county magistrate, and then the system was restored.