"dictionary" Xu Fanqie Phonological Examination

Phonetic to Shuowen Jiezi (《说文解字》) notated hy Xuxuan(徐铉), which also called Daxu fanqie (大徐反切), plays an important role in researching the written literature language of Five Dynasties and Early Song. Based on former research, this dissertation is dedicated to making the research to Daxu fanqie more clear and sound. By way of Comparative Method, Fanqie xilian Method (反切系联法 ) and Statistical method ,contrastive analysis is performed on DaXu fanqie with Guangyun fanqie ( 《广韵》反切) and rhyme of Xuxuan' s poems in this article. In addition, the new add-word(新附字) and Youyin fanqie(又音反切) are carefully investigated, and the background of Xuxuan' s life era is reviewed as well.Findings show that the system of Daxu fanqie consists of 36 initials, 173 categories and 4 tones.Characteristics of initials : light labial has not divided from heavy labial ; sometimes lingual Duan(端) and Zhi(知) have divided; Jing (精) Zhuang(庄) Zhang (章) are of same important like the three legs of a tripod; Ni('J)b) and Niang(#l) are not mixed; Chuan(船)and Chan(禅) are mixed ; Yu(余)and Yun(云) are not divided; Very few of quanzhuo initials(全浊声母) and voiceless initial mixed, which indicates the germination of zhuoyinqinghua(浊音清化) ; some aspirata and busongqi sound(不送气 音) mixed, besides dental sound group Zhuang (庄)and Zhang (章)Characteristics of catalogues: rimeZhi(支) Zhi (脂) and Zhi(之), rime Jia(佳), Jie(皆) and Guai(央), the third division of Zhen (真韵三等) and rime Xin(欣), rime Shan(山) and Shan (删), the closed-ora of rime Zhen(轸) and Wen(吻), the initial of lai(来) of Hun(魂) and Zhun(谆), rime Xian (先) and the fourth division of rime Xian (仙), rime Xian (咸) and Xian(衔), the second division of Geng (庚)and Geng(耕), rime Qing(清) and Qing(青) and so on, these categories have interflowed. By way of Fanqie xilian Method and Leixiangguan Method(类相关法), the investigation on the eight rimes of Fanqie doublets (重纽八韵系) indicates that the third and fourth division of Fanqie doublets (重纽三四等) are still opposite in Daxu phonetic notations, part of the fourth division of Fanqie doublets(重纽四等字) have interflowed with the pure fourth division (纯四等韵), such as : rime Xian ( 先) and the fourth division of rime Xian(仙), rime Xiao(萧)and the fourth division of rime Xiao(宵), rime Tian(添)and the fourth division of rime Yan(盐); count of Fanqie doublets is less than that of the third division(重纽三等字) evidently.Characteristics of tones: four tones. Some of Shangsheng(上声) words with voiced instrument initials in middle Chinese have become Qusheng (去声) .Founded on above mentioned research, we come to the conclusion that phonetic system of Daxu(大徐反切音系) contains the temporal sound phonetic notation , further to Fanqie of former rhyme dictionaries, reflects the pronunciation of the written literature language of Five Dynasties and Early Song mainly, while characteristic of the dialect pronunciation is partly mirrored.