| Jikang is one of the typical representatives among the "Zhulinqixian" and the intellectuals in Wei and Jin Dynasties. He put forward the naturalism which focused on the thought of "surpassing the feudal ethical code and living freely" under the control of the Si mas. This kind of thought astonished the whole society and showed his theoretical acute as being a intellectual and the bravery as being a straight literati. Jikang expected to have a free and natural life , but he couldn't get rid of the restrain of the reality. So there were many contradictions between his thought and his real life . This paper analyzes Jikang's thought and his real life as follows:1. The historical, social and ideological background of Jikang's thought.Jikang's thought carried on the Taoism and was a typical representative of Xuaxue during Zhulin period. The birth of his thought had close connection with the social background during that time . The Simas wielded the political power and managed the whole country with the feudal ethical code after Gaopingling incident. Jikang was Chaowei's son-in-law and was a straight person , so he put forward his thought against the Simas . At the same time , the emerging trend of Xuanxue had great impact on Jikang's thought .2. The basic structure of the Jikang's thought.Naturalism was a characteristic of his thought and a clue through his thought. The viewpoint about nature was a theoretical basis for his naturalism. The core of his viewpoint about nature was his theory that cosmos was made up of gas. Jikang's naturalism was expressed theoretically as following three points: Firstly, he thought gas was natural. Secondly, he thought humanity was natural. Thirdly, he thought law was natural.The core of Jikang's thought was the thought of "surpassing the feudal ethical code and living freely". It consisted of two parts. "Surpassing the feudal ethical code "focused on destroying the reality. It was realized by deep exposing feudal officials' hypocritical features, criticizing the social system and reality at that time, censuring sage and classic, the theoretical basis of ruling order, abandoning reputation andbenefits. "Living freely" focused on setting up an ideal society by expressing his ideal life and social design.3. Jikang's real life.Jikang's naturalism had the characteristic of obeying natural law. But he didn't carry it into his real life attitude and life style. Because he insisted on pursuing his own spiritual life, he disobeyed his original intention of having a free life. There were three characteristics of Jikang's real life. Firstly, he despised common customs. Secondly, he lived willfully. Thirdly, he treated everything emotionally.4. The contradiction between Jikang's thought and his real life.Jikang couldn't realize his original intention in his real life. He excessively insisted on pursuing his own spiritual life and ideal personality. So he couldn't give up seeking something freely and had a free life. At last, he certainly fell into the contradiction between ideal and reality, without getting rid of it. So there were many contradictory actions and words.5. Jikang's methods for solving contradiction.Jikang was engrossed in music and wanted to surmount himself to forget the pain made by the contradiction. He indulged in appreciating the beauty of music and expected to make his mind peaceful in aestheticism. In Jikang's thought about how to keep in good health, he was engrossed in surmounting common customs and expected to realize ideal life by his own practicing austerities and asceticism.6. The values and meanings about Jikang's real life and his thought.Jikang's thought had theoretically and actually important meanings. From point of theoretical value, it made the pure philosophy about Xuanxue be on earth. From point of philosophy of life, it raised the status of human beings and emphasized the value of human itself. The impact on the society at that time was more important. He criticized the unreasonable reality of soc... |
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