(+) X + Structure Study

Locative sentences are indispensable to any language and different language express locative information in different way. Chinese has both prepositions and postpositions that combine to fixed phrases. It is a typical case that prepositions and locative words combine to preposition phrases among which "(zai+)X+shang "structure is basic and mostly used. Firstly, based on previous research "(zai+)X+shang " structure is classified by semantic and syntax and with an examination of some modern literature works the elements of "X" are classified.Secondly, based on the semantic classification, the appearance and disappearance of "zai" and "shang" is studied. It indicates that syntactic features and the feature of "X" decide the appearance.Thirdly, although "(zai+)X+shang " is a subordinate syntactic component, it indicates new and important information of the sentence and is relative with predicate. So the relationship between "(zai+)X+shang " and predicate is researched in this dissertation.Lastly, sometimes "X" has no modification at all and some other times it is grammatical with or without modification. That is, "X" may be bare or unbare. In this dissertation this situation is studied and some causes are found out.