The Study Of Chinese Preposition Phrase "Dui"

This paper attempts to analyze the character of preposition phrase(PP)"Dui", from the point of view of syntatic,semantic and pragmatic. All the examples come from GuoRui Language Material Bank.Preposition phrase"Dui"usually follow up noun phrase(NP),seldom follow up verb phrase(VP).The frame"Dui+X"("X"means components which follow up"Dui")neutralize the opposition of noun and verb in a certain degree. The position of negative in PP"Dui"has something do with predicate verb. Negative mostly near the predicate verb, namely after PP"Dui".PP"Dui"holds position of attribate and adverbial in syntax. But the proportion of these two syntactic components both in written language and spoken language is different. PP"Dui"is usually put in order before other coordinated attriion and predicate preposition.Under the control of syntactic structure, PP"Dui"'function of completing semantic is relative, not absolute. The variance of PP"Dui"is along with the complexity of sentence's form.On semantic, we first discuss the semantic relationship between attribate PP"Dui"and central word. If central word is a verb, when it add into"X", then a"Predicate-Object"phrase comes to being. It can also change to a"Subject-Predicate-Object"phrase if central word is a noun. Secondarily, we analyze the semantic features of central word and the tendency of predicate verb's selection. On adverbial PP"Dui", we find out that there are a series of opaque semantic relationship between"X"and Predicate(marked"V"below), Object(marked"O"below), even Complement(marked"C"below). If predication is just"V","X"is the opaque patient of"V". If predication is"V+O", then"X"is the target of"V". And"Dui+X"add into"O"can be a noun phrase. If predication is"V+C", when the Complement's semantic direct to Predicate,"X"is the opaque patient. But when the Complement's semantic direct to Subject, there isn't any relationship between"X"and"V". Of cause, the predicate verb that appear with PP"Dui"together are limited. And the semantic features of predicate verb often decide the syntax component of PP"Dui".On the basis of such semantic relationship, PP"Dui"which on the first place of a sentence is just like a Topic. In some certain conditions, this Topic mark"Dui"can be omitted. Topic PP"Dui"frequently accompany psychological expectancy of speakers, therefore, it has the function of revealing focus. PP"Dui"connects text by copied word, coordinated similar structure, repeated content and so on.