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For traditional Chinese literati,poetry is an important way to express themselves. The turbulent Modern China played an important role in promoting the creation of poems at that time. And the poems and poets are known for their tremendous quantity. Therefore,to study these poets and their poems can help us to gain insight into Modern China and the people during that period.While Modern Age drew to its end,its poets' verses started to attract the attention of some people and Hu Xiansu was one of the earliest scholars who studied the Modern Age poets. Due to the twofacts-he spent most of his time and energy in the field of botany,and the hardly acknowledged position of the "XueHeng" School,which he belonged to,Hu Xiansu's study in literature,especially his study on Modern Age poets and poems has received little attention. In view of this fact,this thesis intends to make some preliminary research and analysis.This thesis consists of three parts:Firstly,it studies the relationship between Hu Xiansu and Modern Age poets,looking for the reason why he paid so much attention to the old style poems in the 20's of the 20th century. His family background and childhood experiences tied Hu Xiansu firmly with the old style poems in his early age. In his adolescence,he got help from his teachers and friends,whom he communicated with frequently. The culture of his hometown created a prerequisite for him to further develop this interest. Around 1920,the increasingly heated " New Culture Campaign" and the common ideal of the"XueHeng" School's comrades,which contradicted to each other,stirred up Hu's interest to a higher degree. His life experiences and communications established the foundation of his criticism on the Modern Age poets and poems.Secondly,Comment on Attempt Collection and Comment on Hu Shi's Chinese Literature in the Past 50 Years are Hu Xiansu's important commentary articles. In the two articles,he put forward his views and gave his evaluation different from those of Hu Shi's,the leader of " New Culture Campaign",on the nature of poetry,tune of sound,rule of the style,etc. from the perspectives of literature,poetry history and poetry theory.Finally,Hu Xiansu's commentaries on Modern Age poets' collections of poems and his viewpoints on Modern Age poems are discussed concerning their position in the history of China's poetry,the condition of Modern poem circles,some important poets. In his commentaries,Hu made full use of the strengths of traditional Chinese criticism without being fully confined to tradition,which enables us to see clearly the real character of a great critic.