| Chongqing Negotiation was an important political event that happened after the Anti-Japanese War ended. It played an important role in modem Chinese history and exerted deep influence on the development of post-war China. This paper has made a tentative discussion on the understanding of and attitude towards Chongqing Negotiation on the part of Kuomintang ( K.M.T. ), headed by Chiang Kai-shek, and the Communist Party of China ( C.P.C.), headed by Mao ZedongThe paper is divided into three parts.The first part mainly expounds the- understanding and attitude, and their change on the K.M.T. part.Kuomintang had a change in its understanding of and attitudes towards Chongqing Negotiation. After the victory in the Anti-Japanese War people both at home and abroad wanted peace. The USSR and the USA were not in favor of war in China, either. Moreover, the K.M.T. army force was scattered at that time. Therefore, it was not the right time for Chiang Kai-shek to kick out C.P.C. with military force. Due to the limitation of these factors, at the beginning of the negotiation, especially when Chiang received help from the USSR, he was confident in taking the political advantage to force C.P.C. to yield and to a certain degree he was "sincere" in attitude towards the negotiation. He set a high objective for the negotiation, which was to solve the military and political problems simultaneously. On the basis of this understanding the writer of this paper believes that the traditional idea that Chiang Kai-shek was "insincere" for his lack of plans for the negotiation is doubtful. Nevertheless, in the course of the negotiation, C.P.C. insisted on the power and army in the Liberated Areas, and the negotiation did not go on as Chiang had expected. The difficulties in and complication of the negotiation declined Chiang's confidence. He took increasing military actions. At the end of the negotiation, he realized that it was impossible to abolish the C.P.C. power and army in the Liberated Areas through the negotiation. As well, a large number of K.M.T. officials took a negative attitude towards the negotiation. Therefore, although Chiang signed the Agreement of Oct. 10, he conceived little hope on its implementation and therefore launched large-scale attacks to the Liberated Areas.The second part of the paper mainly discusses the understanding and attitude and their change on the C.P.C. part.C.P.C. also had a change in its understanding of and attitude towards Chongqing Negotiation. Anyhow, from beginning to end, to struggle for post-war peace and democracy is the ultimate start-point of C.P.C.. Early in its Seventh Conference, C.P.C. had adopted the principle of building the country with peace. Although there used to be a short period of hesitation when the Japanese surrendered, on the eve of ChongqingNegotiation, C.P.C. believed that it was possible to settle the dispute between the two parties under the circumstances that both the USSR and the USA advocated peace in China and that Chiang was at a disadvantage with his troops scattered and home contradictions complicated. Therefore, C.P.C. decided to go to Chongqing for the negotiation for the purpose of making peace for the whole nation and obtaining political priority. In the course of the negotiation, C.P.C. endeavored to seek domestic peace with sincere attitude and made many crucial concessions. But Chiang's stiff attitude towards the C.P.C. power and army in the Liberated Areas shook C.P.C.'s belief to settle the dispute peacefully, and the latter even decided to end the negotiation and return to Yan'an. However, for the peace of the Chinese people, C.P.C. did not give up negotiation, but took a more active attitude to struggle for peace. On the One hand, C.P.C. carried on the negotiation and fought back against the K.M.T. attack to the Liberated Areas firmly. On the other, they developed an extensive united front and united with democrats to compel K.M.T. to concede.The third part of the paper mainly discusses the influence of the understanding and attitu... |
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