Difficult Road

The essay plays a very important role in Chinese literature history in 20th century. And the essay movement is under the concerning of Luxun. He portrayed "the soul of the public in China" in essays which are he loved and suited for him. Luxun's essay is not only an encyclopaedia including the society N politics ^ history % philosophy and culture, but also a history of human describing the people's soul in modern China. It runs through a subject that is the public characters' remoulding: exposing and fighting the bad things. In this sense, Luxun's essay is also a history of the ideological and cultural strugle. For its firmness and thoroughness, it still under the bad luck even today in fellow camp.This paper plans to observe the tortuous lifeline of Luxun's essay in the Chinese literature history in 20l century and to hold the historic thread of thought in the proceeding course of modern China.In 1938, when the essay began to re-rise in "the isolated island" of Shanghai, Aying lodged a protest. He said that Luxun's essay with the roundabout form and sad style is out-of-date. The present cause is that Quyi(Wang Renshu) compared Luxun's pen name with Aying's purposely or unpurposely which had the suspicion of showing up Aying's shortcoming; but the deep historical reason is that Aying couldn't forget the conflict between Luxun and himself. Just after this, Pangpu, Yang Jinhao accused Luxun's essay, too. Even a year later, it was still attacked by Zhang Ruogu. Baren and other essayists retorted this.All of the initiators of this debate only restricted the life of "Qubi" of Luxun's essay in the time when it was born. Of course, it is a very unilateral prejudice. The character of the roundabout form of Luxun's essay is connected with the social cultural surroundings, but it is also the author's pursuit consciously. He would rather took the danger of hardness to understand, but not abandoned using of "Qubi", which just indicates the maturing of the essay. The changing of its words and using of metaphor and hinting can usually foil the expectation of readers temporarily and arouse the interests to restore, fill and create. By this, the reader can feel the pleasant sensation of recreation artistically and be filled with admiration for the deep profoundness and endless appeal.The mixture of temperament of both sides caused the center of re-evaluating Luxun's essay unfair. All of them didn't appreciate its present and everlasting significance. Luxun seeped the whole historical sense in the essay full of his experience of life, that made it a carrier of thoughts having strong life now and in future.This debate ended under the underground parry's consideration of safeguarding the national united front, so it didn't develop deeply. But position of both sides were equal and neither used other means to intervene the debate, so it ensured that the essay creation grow and flourish continually.At first, the essay met with cold reception at the revolutionary base area梇an'an, where was the paradise and sacred place. But Dingling, Xiaojun, Aiqing and Wang Shiwei didn't indulge in the happiness and paeans, they carried on the enlightening spirits in the May 4th movement, especially the tradition of civilized and cultural criticism in Luxun's essay. They held fast the free and independent position of artistic creation, took the essay as the evidence of their life and cried out inappropriately.They faced kinds of darkness in Yan'an and appealed to cut it with the essay; at the same time they also claimed for " understanding and respecting writers". But reasonable requirement was not only thought highly of, but also becoming the criticizing target. And the debate was distorted as attacking tool politically. Even Dingling and Aiqing also changed their position "quickly" and explained themselves by criticizing Wang Shiwei. Talks at the Yan 'an Forum on Literature and Art negated undoubtedly the possibility and significance of the essay's existence in Yan'an and set the evaluate standard of politics interfering with...