"historical Records" Comparative Sentence Patterns

The author of this thesis summarizes four typical sentence patterns of comparison from The Historical Records by using the comparative words as the standard: the "yu"("於")-sentence; the "ru"("如")-sentenee; the "bi"("比")-sentence and the "shu yu"("孰与")-sentence. With the application of the combination of forms and meanings, this thesis counts up its number and analyses its structure to thoroughly describe the structure and function of every comparative sentence in The Historical Records. We can reach the conclusions that "xing+yu+ming"("形+於+名")-stucture is an ambiguous stucture in classical Chinese because it can not only lead to comparative objects , but also relation objects and scope objects. "yu"("於") is not random in comparative sentence. The answers of "shu yu"("孰与")-sentence have subjective tendency to choose the "X"or the "Y" It has obvious positivity in "yu"("於")-sentence, "bu ru"("不如")-sentence and "shu yu"("孰与")-sentence. The syntactic and semantic type of the "X"and the "Y"are usually not identical, thus the comparative sentences show the asymmetry. In brief, this thesis completely discusses the sentence patterns of comparison in classical Chinese, so that it can contribute to furtherly revealing its laws and causes of its historical development, and to exponding the relative problems about the comparative sentences by using viewpoints of system and development.