Walking In The Maze Of Rational Criticism

Husserl?s phenomenology proves to be a milestone in the historical devolopement of modem western philosophy. He is at once heir to rationalistic tradition and pioneer in deconstructing mate-physics and rationality. Husserl took as his life-time mission the establishment of a strict scientific philosophy. He held high the rationalism flag in a time when positivism and various world outlook philosophies were prevalent with a view to rebuilding the dignity of rationality and value. He predicted with discerning eyes the potential hazards of the sciencistic prejudice, and devoted himself to seeking for the real base of science. In reflecting upon natural science and many cultural traditions, he made many innovations concerning methodology, and his phenomenology analysis method standing side by side with logical analysis, psychological analysis became one of the three essential methods for modem western philosophy.. Although he failed to find a solution to the crises of European and European science, and to construct a normative science conducting by pure rationality, his spirit, consisting of a unyielding critical attitude and a great sense of mission for his life time and the whole human race, carried the future and destiny of the humankind, and also stimulated countless followers Husserl抯 work turns out to be tragic, if a comparison should be made of his set aims with the actual influence it exerts on later researchers. His theory was soon replaced by Exsistentialism , a kind of anti-rationality world outlook philosophy. Limited in my theoretical preparation, I only present some very skin-deep comments on Husserl抯 phenomenology in this thesis that comprises five parts. The first part gives a brief introduction to 3 Husserl抯 life and his main academic activities. The following parts trace the whole course of phenomenology along its internal logical route from its logical start to its theoretical purpose; and descant mainly upon the two key concepts, that is edois-seeing (ideation) and intentional constitution. The first concept is a focal reflection of the fundamental traits of his theory, Through edois seeing, which is non- observational and transcendental, Husserl succeeded in finding a connection point for natural science and logic, and in ascribing them to the subject egoistic consciousness The Intentional constitution theory is a complement to the edois- seeing theory. in that an overstress on being of edois would lead to objective transcendent and then become a new dogmatism. Husserl, as a necessity provided the source from which the edois comes, On the basis of the theory of transcendental reduction, Husserl imputed the world (natural being) and edois (transcendental being) to intentional constitution, and unified the methodology with the ontology. In the fifth part, I want to reveal the internal contradictions and the difficulties with Husserl theory. The first is its methodology traits of external reflection and its limitations demonstrated in its comparing with internal reflection; the second is the contradiction with the principle of phenomenology and the inevitable result of its split, The last is the contradiction between his purpose and his doing, In this part I want reveal the tragicalness of Husserl抯 theory on the culturology and his enlightenment contributions to the contemporary and later generations.