Historical Survey Of The Telecommunications Industry In The Late Qing Dynasty

The telecommunications industry in the late Qing Dynasty developed difficultly during the Chinese semi ?colonal and semi ?feudal society. It promoted the modernization of the Chinese communication, and in some degree, it advanced the historical process of modernization of Chinese society. This thesis on the telecommunications industry in the late Qing Dynasty can be divided into the following parts: Part one: The beginning of the modem telegraph and the development of the telegraph industry before the Sino ?Japanese War of 1894 ?1895. In 1870s, modern telegraph began under the influence of the outside stimuli and the inside motives. Before the Sino ?Japanese War, both the telegraph which was supervised by the government but founded by merchants and telegraph which was founded by the provincial government developed, forming the general communication network of the whole country. They laid the foundation for the development of Chinese telecommunications industry after the Sino ?Japanese War. Part two: The development of telegraph after the Sino ?Japanese War and before the taking over of the Yu Chuan Pu. At that time, the telegraph industry expanded : Hunan Province began to set up telegraph, which ended its backward condition without telegraph. Peking ?Qiaketu Line, the largest scale of the telegraph industry in the last decades of the late Qing Dynasty, was built by the Chinese Telegraph Administration. It ?? broke the control of the Chinese ?foreign telegraph by the Eastern and Northern Co. and it made China have conditions to contend with them. The other telegraph lines were expanded through the business stimuli. The contract of telegraph at the same price was the product of mutual compromise between China and Eastern Great East Telegraph Co. and Great North Telegraph Co., so China could share profits with the Eastern and Northern Co.. The fast expansion of telegraph lines after the Sino ?Japanese War brought the China Telegraph Administration more businesses and profits. Part thee: The Yu Chuan Pu regulated the telegraph and telegraph indusrty kept on developing. After the Yu Chuan Pu took charge of the telegraph industry, it took a series of measures to regulate it: buying the telegraph business stock for the government, expanding and improving cable lines and agencies, regulating the telegraph business, etc. All the measures promoted the late Qing Dynasty?s telegraph industry . People saw extension of cable lines, increase of agencies, improvement of cable machines and increase of telegraph efficiency, etc. Part four: The development of telegraph by the provincial government. Owing to the lack of materials related to it, this part mainly discusses the followings: the start of Tibet telegraph, the development of Shandong government telegraph , start and expansion of the telegraph of Zhili and three Northeast provinces, expansion of the government telegraph of Xinjiang, Hunan, Guizhou, Guangxi and general situations of the provincial government telegraph. Part five: The foundation of telephones and wireless telegraphs. In the late 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th century, telephones and wireless telegraphs were founded by the stimuli of the sovereignty ??...