Qing Dynasty Under The Guise Of "the Doctrine Of Study

Chapterl Summary. This chapter is divided into two parts:Part1 is the research survey which begins with a brief review of the basic research and achievement on Liushu from Han Dynasty to Qing Dynasty, then we summarize the achievement about Qing scholars' loaning beliefs and modern scholars' study on these beliefs. We sort out the writing of "Liushuxue" in Qing Dynasty and the list of articles from "SHUO WEN JIE ZI GU LIN". In addition, we make a preliminary research on their editions and sources.Part2 elaborates the research meaning of this thesis from three aspects and briefly introduce the research methods.Chapter2 Classification and comparison about loaning belief of Qing Dynasty. This chapter argues about the relationship between loaning and Tongjia, loaning and explication. Firstly, Qing scholars inherited and developed the belief of "four styles and two ways" of liushu in Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, and they maintained three points:loaning is words' using, loaning is words' creating, loaning is words'using and creating. Some of the scholars holding the last point looked upon the existence of Benzi as the standard of loaning and and they used Tongjia to replace using words loaning; the others finded facters of loaning according to the structure of characters. Secondly, Qing scholars have three points about the relationship between loaning and explication, and Duan Yucai' "Real loaning" and Zhu Junsheng' new definition for loaning produced great influence. Finally, we summarize a synchronic method for loaning research, which is the new achievement of multi-angle exploration.Chapter3 Total evaluation of loaning beliefs of Qing Dynasty. This chapter attempts to make a total evaluation on achievement, influence and deficiency of these beliefs. The big achievement was the result of a breakthrough of research method: explaining loaning characters by ancient pronunciation, with which scholars basically finded out the relationship between loaning and Tongjia, loaning and explication. But there were also some contradictions and shortages during their practice. For example, they looked upon the existence of Benzi as the standard of loaning; they clearly distinguished "indicating pronunciation through loaning word" from explication, while they could not separated explication from loaning.