Primary Oral Preparation Of Teaching Materials From Everyday Conversation

With the development of China's international status and the enhancement of influence, Chinese, as the carrier of economy and culture, has gained more and more attentions. As the'mandarin fever' is keeping on heating up, the number of people learning Chinese all over the world is constantly increasing, and TCFL(Teaching Chinese as A Foreign Language) has maintained fast growth. The Chinese textbooks, as an effective tool for TCFL, have increased sharply in the number and categories. In the wide varieties of Chinese textbooks, some materials are highly qualified and popular, but some materials expose many problems such as relatively old corpus, lack of contemporary scene setting, less authenticity of native language, etc.TCFL researchers has analyzed these issues in recent years, and made great theoretical achievements, which develop the level of teaching material design.Based on the conversation designs in five primary Chinese speaking textbooks, this paper applied the analyzed theory of daily conversation to the conversation design in Chinese speaking textbook, and made rational oral materials. The body of this paper compared the daily conversations and speaking textbook materials in three aspects, the overall structure, mechanism of turn, and adjacent to the structure, and then made numerical statement. In the recognition of difference between daily conversation and speaking materials, the author pointed out the advantages and disadvantages of the five textbooks in the three aspects she mentioned above based on the analyzed theory of daily conversation and specific data, and made recommendations to guide the theory of conversation design in primary speaking teaching in the future.In the aspect of integrity, starting with analysis of beginning and end of daily conversation, the paper applied relevant theories to the analysis of beginning and end of the five textbooks and made statistics. According to the analysis, the author found' ask type' and 'coexistence type' of beginnings of conversation in teaching materials accounted for a large proportion; the ends of conversation were mainly fixed and relatively simple, whose integrity was poor. The paper indicated that textbooks should extend the type of beginnings and the content of ends, as well as paying attention to conversation integrity, which made it diverse and informative. Furthermore, the textbook should strengthen situation setting. In the aspect of turn-taking rules, the paper first analyzed turn-taking rules in daily conversations, and then used the theoretical results to the research and study of t turn-taking rules. The study found out that conversations in the process of designing lacked of non-normal turning, and the use of symbols was very confusing, which often can't clearly distinguish the normal turning and non-normal turning in daily conversations. This paper believed that conversations in textbooks concerning non-normal turning should more use explanation and punctuation marks, and be true and complete in conversation content, so that teachers and second language learners could get a thorough understand of conversation content. Besides, the use of multimedia teaching and audio-visual material is also an effective teaching method making voice and meaning together.In the aspect of adjacency pair of structure, this paper analyzed the adjacency pair of the daily conversation first, and then applied the theoretical results to the adjacent structure in the five textbooks and make statistic. Based on the study, the response conversations in the teaching material didn't fully emphasized'unpreference organization' and ignored the principle of communication; for the sequence structure in conversation, conversation in teaching material ignored the transition principle- from easy to hard. The author indicated conversations in teaching material should increase appropriately the number of 'unpreference organization' in response dialogue, and compile practice and reading material. Besides, design of primary TCFL speaking material should consider learning level, from easy to hard.The paper made four recommendations on the basis of research and study to the five primary speaking material, and provided some theoretical basis to the material design and extend the theories of TCFL material design.