| Purpose:1. Shizhu ginseng is a special series in Radix Ginseng, with unique growth environment, history and culture. To look for the different characteristics of Shizhu ginseng and garden ginseng in macro and micro aspects by morphology identification. To provide scientific reference for Shizhu ginseng identification with other ginsengs and give information on future development and utilization.2. Shizhu ginseng is different in shape with garden for its special growth environment, unique geographical position, long growth period. However, this paper also focus on the possible changes in chemical components as well as changes in shapes. TLC and HPLC was involved to look for specific components of Shizhu ginseng with other ginseng, establish a quality control standards and provide material basis for new efficacy research.3. To establish HPLC fingerprint of Shizhu ginseng, provide a new scientific method to identify the authenticity of herbs, medicinal quality to judge the stability and quality of the goods in the market.Material and method:1. Materials: Shizhu ginseng is dried roots and rhizomes of Panax ginseng C.A.Mey, which belonging to Araliaceae (family ) and Panax (genus) in plant taxonomy. The 21 batches of Shizhu ginseng were collected from Liaoning Province, Dandong City, Zhenjiang Kuandian Manchu Autonomous County Township Shizhu Zi Village while the ginsengs were colleted as merchandise.2. Method: (1) Plant morphological classification (2) Morphological identification (3) Tissue morphology; application of frozen section for the Preparation of tissue sections, observation, description and digital photography. (4) TLC chromatography. (5) HPLC was adopted to develop the fingerprints of ginseng by determine the contents of 9 kinds of ginsenosides in ginseng.Results:1. The Shizhu ginseng was classified clearly as wild ginseng through plant taxonomy and Morphological identification and identification. They are similar in shape for its unique growth environment and 300 years of culture history. It can be divided into four kinds of lines: (1) bamboo reed; (2) line Lo; (3) Round bladder and round reed (4) Caolu.2. The micro-characterize differences between shizhu ginseng and ginseng commodity was founde by studing the tissue morphology of samples with different growth years and different parts. Meanwhile, new findings of garden ginseng in micro-characterize were concluding as follows:(1) Columns morphological parameter, along with the prolongation of the growth of pillar parameters, the resin ducts, and calcium oxalate crystal clusters were increased and expanded; cortex fissure increased; the xylem tube increases, scattered by the individual, becomes gradually gather and arranged radially.(2) The morphology differences between Shizhu ginseng Commodities and ginseng Commodities was mainly reflected in follows: larger resin canal diameter, more clusters of calcium oxalate crystals, numerous starch grains, cambium layer is continuous and evident, which is related with the different growth yeares.(3) Powder comparison of shizhu ginseng:①many large resin canal with debris and brown blocks,②large quantity of big calcium oxalate crystal clusters in sharp edges and corners③w ood parenchyma cell with clearly corssed texture;④numerous large starch grains.(4) New realization on powder of garden ginseng : we found that there's also wood parenchyma cell with cross texture in powder of garden ginseng over 6 years through a large number of observation, which is different from previous studies reported.3. TLC comparison give a valuable reference identification of Shizhu ginseng and garden ginseng. TLC of shizhu ginseng showed add a spot at Rf = 4.9 to when gel G-CMC thin-layer plate was used as stationary phase and under layer of chloroform - ethyl acetate - methanol - water (15:40:22:10) at 10℃used as the developing solvent,4. The content of 9 ginseng ginsenosides (Rg1, Re, Rf, Rg2, Rb1, Rc, Rb2, Rb3, Rd) were determined in shizhu ginseng and garden ginseng by HPLC. The results showed that the content of ginsenoside Rb1 is highest, followed by ginsenoside Rg1, Re, Rc , while ginsenoside Rg2 is in a lowest content.5. The fingerprints of Shizhu ginseng were established by HPLC, 14 peaks were calibrated, 9 of which are assigned. S peak (ginsenoside Re) was adopted as reference peak because of its good resolution, high content, specificity, stability. The areas percent of common peaks in 14 peaks is over 90% in total peak area and peaks are clear and obvious, consistent with Chinese herbal medicine fingerprinting requirements. In addition, peak is clear and obvious, experimental results show that the experimental conditions and the method is accurate and feasible. The fingerprints of Shizhu ginseng is proved to give scientific reference and basis for its quality.Conclusion:1. Shizhu ginseng, also known as forest Shizhu ginseng, is derived from rare ginseng varieties of wild ginseng. The further study in Shizhu ginseng classification and comparison with garden ginseng is important and significant for future research.2. The unique growth environment and culture history made Shizhu ginseng formed its distinctive shape. This paper dealed with the morphological identification of Shizhu ginseng, and provided scientific information for cultivation and utilization for further research.3. Shizhu Ginseng and ginseng have similar microscopic features, but its feature size were higher than those of ginseng data, features easy to see, and the large number. Use microscope to find the different between Shizhu ginseng and Radix ginseng powder. Have a new knowledge of radix ginseng powder. We find a new feature in radix ginseng, which don't see in previously reported paper.4. A distinctive spot on Shizhu ginseng TLC was detected for first time by comparing with that of garden ginseng. It is possible to be one of the identification signals of Shizhu ginseng and garden ginseng, but further chemical and pharmacological researches are needed.5. The content of ginsenoside ingredients in Shizhu ginseng were determined for the first time, the established method can be used to determinate the content of variety gensenosides in herb ginseng and alike products at the same time.6. The fingerprint of Shizhu ginseng was established for the first time, and the experimental conditions and methods were accurate and feasible. It is scientific and effective to control the quality of Shizhu ginseng according to the established fingerprints.7. The draft quality standards of Shizhu ginseng was developed for the first time, and provided valuable instructions for medicinal applications and the development of further research. |
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