| Genus Perilla L. resources are annual herbaceous plants in Labiatae, mainly distributing in East Asia. The plants in Perilla are kinds of traditional drugs and food plants with long documented history in China. Its stems, leaves and seeds can be used as Chinese medicine vegetables, teas and so on, and widely be applied in medicine, industry and cosmetics business. There are plentiful genus Perilla resources in China, and all the different species (varieties) are used as Chinese medicines in the folks. But previous studies mainly focused on P. frutescens var. frutescens, relatively few studies on the varieties. In this paper, the main agronomic traits of more than 20 Perilla accessions from Japan, American, Sichuan and Guangdong Province of China was studied, and the contents of essential oil and amino acid components of their leaves were determined, the difference of seed oil contents, fatty acid and vitamin E contents from different Perilla L. accessions were compared. The main results were described as follows:1. The investigated results of the main agronomic traits of 26 Perilla accessions showed that the average value of plant height was 206 cm, with the varying range of 165-250 cm; the average number of leaves was 191, ranging from 52 to 402; the average number of primary branches was 25, ranging from 14 to 37; the average fresh weight of leaves was 78.7 g, with the varying range 38.5-136.7 g; the average dry weight of leaf was 23.9 g, ranging from 7.7 to 38.4g; the average stem weight was 194.6 g, with the varying range 100.9-472.7 g; the average total spik was 123, from 62 to 192; the average grain number was 199, with the varying range 127-276; the average 1000-seed yield was 0.5898 g, range from 0.3476 to 1.6570 g; the average seed yield per plant was 14.2 g, with the varying range 6.0-40.3 g. Of them, P06-16 of P. frutescens var. frutescens (baisu) was the excellent, with the moderate plant height(196 cm), number of primary branches(30), fresh weight of leaf (46.5 g), dry weight of leaf (19.9 g) and stem weight (159.5 g), more number of leaves (402) and grain number (263), the highest of 1000-seed yield (1.6570 g) and seed yield per plant (40.3 g); P06-11zi of P. frutescens var. frutescens (zisu) had the heaviest dry weight of leaves (27.0 g) and stem weight (213.7 g), more number of primary branches (33), moderate plant height and number of leaves. The second was P06-4, with dry weight of leaves of 18.2g, stem weight of 192.5g, moderate plant height, number of primary branches and leaves.2.Correlation analysis of the agronomic traits of stem and leave showed that there was higher correlation between number of primary branches, number of leaves, plant height and stem and leaf yield. But the result of path analysis showed that stem and leaf yield was also effected by factors outside the test, which need more experiments to explore. Correlation analysis of the agronomic traits of seed yield per plant were conducted. The affected order of these factors to seed yield per plant was as follows:1000-seed yield, number of leaves, grain number, the total spik, dry weight of leaves, number of primary branches, plant height, stem weight, fresh weight of leaves. Multiple regression analysis showed that the total spik (X7), grain number (X8),1000-seed yield (X9) were the main traits afected seed yield per plant. Multiple regression equation of seed yield per plant and three traits was y=-26.8880+0.1056X7+0.0734X8+22.8816 X9 (r=0.9942**). Path analysis also showed that 1000-seed yield (X9), the total spik (X7) and grain number (X8) were the major factors to affect the yield per plant. Therefore, in the process of breeding perilla new varieties, the larger grain, mult-spike-type cultivars should be considered.3. Amino acids.composition and contents of the leaves of 27 Perilla accessions were measured. The results showed that there were 17 amino acids in the leaves of Perilla L. And contents of amino acids have abundant variation between accessions, with 59.19% coefficient of variation in Proline. P06-7 from sichuan had 19.55 mg/g content of essential amino acids,57.65 mg/g of total amino acids, was the excellent in the multiple characters. The results also showed that P. frutescens var. purpurascens (Hayata) H.W.Li, was a kind of good rescources riched in amino acids contents, as they had comparatively high contents of medicinal amino acids and fragrant-sweet amino acids.4. The essential oils (EOs) from the fresh leaves of twenty-six Perilla L. accessions during the flowering period were analyzed by GC-MS method. Totally, forty-nine components could be identified,which were a little different from the result of the same materials determined by our research group at previous year. This indicated that the essential oil composition and contents of Perilla L. were affected by different years to some extent. But composition and contents of the main ingredients performed consistently in two trials, without affecting the classification of the chemotypes. Eight chemotypes also could be identified as follows:Perillaketone (PK), D-Limonene and Piperitone (DLP), Piperitenone (PT), Myristicin (MS), Apiol (AL), Eelemicin (EM), Dehydoelsholtzia ketone (DEK) and Perilla aldehyde (PA), further proving that the essential oil chemotype was stably existed in Perilla L.5. Oil contents and fatty acids of the seeds of 26 Perilla accessions were measured by GC-MS method. The correlation relationship between the oil contents and its fatty acids were analyzed. The results showed that the seed oil contents of Perilla accessions ranged from 8.53% to 42.18%, containing linolenic acid (66.47%-72.77%), linoleic acid (12.89%-17.71%), oleic acid (0.73%-2.04%), palmitic acid (7.11%-11.84%) and stearic acid (2.54%-4.31%). Of them, P06-16 from Sichuan was the excellent in general characters. The results also showed that the negative correlation coefficient was significant at 0.01 level between the linolenic acid and linoleic acid content. The positive correlation coefficient was significant at 0.01 level between oleic acid and palmitic acid content. Among Perilla L. accessions, the average content of stearic acid had more difference. P. frutescens var. purpurascens (Hayata) H. W. Li had the highly content (3.81%), which had significant differences at 0.01 and 0.05 level from baisu and huihuisu respectively. Palmitic acid and Linolenic acid content had significant difference at 0.01 and 0.05 level from baisu and huihuisu. Totally, P. frutescens (L.) Britton var. frutescens (baisu) had comparatively high oil content, linolenic acid and palmitic acid content.6. Vitamin E content in the seeds of 29 different Perilla L. accessions were measured by HPLC. The results showed that the seeds of different Perilla L. materials riched in VE·There were extremely significant differences of total VE, d-VE,γ-VE or a-VE content in the materials. The total VE contents of Perilla accessions ranged from 79.90μg/g to 383.30μg/g, with the average of 199.67μg/g. The average content ofδ,γandα-VE was 5.81μg/g, 190.47 ug/g and 3.48μg/g, respectively. Of them, P06-37 from Japan had the highest total contents of VE·By comparing the contents of VE among different Perilla L. materials, there were no significant difference among different Perilla L. materials. As a whole, P. frutescens (L.) Britton var. frutescens (baisu) had comparatively higher average and total content ofδ,γandα- VE· In summary, as PA chemotypes, P06-4 was ideal material of medicinal Perilla, with dry weight of leaves (18.2 g), stem weight (192.5 g) and good agronomic performance; P06-7 was ideal edible material of Perilla, with the highest content of essential amino acids (19.55 mg/g) and total amino acids (57.65 mg/g). However, P06-16 was an excellent grain-type material, with the highest oil content (42.18%), linolenic acid (71.59%) and total VE contents (339.36 ug/g).Ⅶ... |
PDF Full Text Request