The Karotypes And Leaf Main Chemical Compositions Analysis On Genus Perilla L. Resources

Genus Perilla L.accessions are Labiatae herbage plants.According to the Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae,there are one species and three varietal species in genus Perilla,including P.frutescens var.frutescens(including zisu and baisu),P.frutescens var.purpurascens(Hayata) H.W.Li.,P.frutescens var.crispa(Benth.) Deane ex Bailey and P.frutescens var.auriculato-dentata C.T.Wuet Husanex H.W.L..In the past,the studies on the genus Perilla resources were focused on P.frutescens vat.frutescens. Actually,Perilla L.accessions are traditional medicine in the folks of China,and all the leaves are also used as vegetables and fragrance.To enrich the taxonomic knowledge and make good use of Perilla L.accessions,the chromosome number of twenty-six accessions of genus Perilla L.,and the karyotypes of 1 species(including zisu and baisu) and 2 varietal species from genus Perilla L.accessions were analyzed.Also in this study,the compositions and contents of main compounds in the leaves of Perilla L.accessions were determined,including the essential oils,mineral elements and vitamins.The main results were described as follows:1.The observation results showed that the chromosome numbers of all Perilla L. accessions were forty.The karotype formula of Genus Perilla L.accessions were reported for the frist time.P.frutescens var.frutescens(zi-su) is 2n=40=20m(2SAT)+10sm+10st; P.frutescens var.purpurascens(Hayata) H.W.Li is 2n=40= 18m+14sm(2SAT) +8st; P.Fruteseens var.crispa(Benth.) Deane ex Bailey is 2n=40= 10m(2SAT) +14sm+16st;P. fruteseens var.frutescens(bai-su) is 2n=40= 24m+12sm(2SAT) +4st.The results indicated that there were differences among the karotypes of the species and varietal species of genus Perilla L.accessions.2.Totally,forty-nine components could be identified from the essential oil of twenty-six accessions.The results showed that eight chemotypes could be identified as follows:Perillaketone(PK),D-Limonene and Piperitone(DLP),Piperitenone(PT), Myristicin(MS),Apiol(AL),Isoelemicin(IEM),Dehydroelsholtzia ketone(DEK) and Perilla aldehyde(PA).Of them,chemotype DLP,AL,IEM and DEK were reported for the first time,DLP,IEM and AL were found only in the accessions from Sichuan Province, China.3.In our study,the EOs of P06-1Z and P06-28 were investigated at six stages during growing(from seedling stage to the harvest stage).Taking into account the variability of the two accessions during the year,the main constituents could not change during growing. And the seasonal influence on the status could not change different chemotypes distinguished,and enhance the veracity of the differentiation of eight chemotypes. Comparing the traditional morphological taxonomy and chemotypes,and suggested that it not always be possible to establish a correlation between them.4.The contents of Fe,Mn,Mg,Zn,Cr,Cu,Cd,Pd and Ca in the different part of leaves and stems of Perilla L.materials were determined by the method of atomic absorption spectrometry.The results showed that there were plenty of Fe,Mn,Mg,Zn,Cu and Ca in the leaves and stems of all Perilla L.materials,especially the content of Ca were the most(78694.63 mg/Kg).And Cd,Cr and Pd were not determined.The content of elements in different part of the leaves and stem are different,and the higher contents were determined in the middle and upper leaves.The results also showed the contents of mineral elements in the middle and upper leaves were significantly different between the different Perilla L.materials.There were plenty of beneficial elements in P06-4,P06-15white, P06-17white,P06-20C,P06-20B,P06-28.In a while,the establishment of fingerprint was useful for the identification of Perilla L.materials.5.In this study,the water soluble vitamins and the fat soluble vitamins were extracted in different methods and were analyzed by HPLC.The results showed that the compositions of vitamins in different part of the leaves were approximately consistent in the flowering stage leaves of different Perilla L.materials,with plenty of the water soluble vitamins(V_C) and the fat soluble vitamins(V_D2 and V_D3),especially the contents of V_C were the most(35.63 mg/100g).The contents of vitamins in different part of the leaves are different,the higher contents were determined in the middle leaves.The results also showed that the compositions of vitamins were approximately consistent in the seedling stage leaves of different Perilla L.materials,with plenty of V_C and V_K1,but the contents were significantly different.Accessions P06-4,P06-9,P06-14,P06-15white and P06-36 have more vitamins in the seedling stage leaves than the others.In our study,P06-4,P06-9,P06-14,P06-15white,P06-17white,P06-20C,P06-20B, P06-36 were selected out for their good characters.It is suggested that P06-4 and P06-36 be used for both medicine and vegetable,and P06-9,P06-14,P06-15white,P06-17 white, P06-20C and P06-20B be used as vegetable,as there were plenty of vitamins and mineral elements in their leaves.