Limits Of Heavy Metals (lead, Cadmium, Arsenic) In Aquatic Food

Background:Contaminants in food is one of the important causes of food-bome diseases.With economic development,there are more fishes and aquatic food in people's food, while modern industrial and domestic garbage exacerbating pollution of water resources and aquatic exposure of toxic heavy metals has attached importance to international organizations.At present,limited standards of toxic heavy metals is becoming one of the critical issues internationally.These standards is not only protecting the health of consumers,but also promoting the trade of the food.In recent years,China's aquatic products ranked first in the world,recently the quality and safety of aquatic products has impacted China's export trade and sustainable development of fisheries,as well as threatened the health and safety of consumers. Lead(Pb),cadmium(Cd),arsenic(As) are important toxicology indicators.Studying heavy metals(lead,cadmium,arsenic) limited standards,pollution levels and exposure assessment in fish and aquatic products have a remarkable application value.Objective:Understanding the pollution levels of toxic heavy metals(Pb,Cd and As) in the fish and aquatic products could provide the relevant theoretical basis and data for amendmenting "canned fish health standards" in our country.Knowing the limited standards and literature(Pb,Cd and As) in the fish and aquatic products of at home and abroad,would offer of relevant parts for"healthy standards of canned fish"Methods:1.Choosing major consumption centers of fish and aquatic food in Haikou,a coastal city,where representative species of fish are easily obtainable,Collecting canned fish with different batches in 12 Market in Haikou City(6 big supermarkets and farmers markets),as well as sampling fish,dried fish samples in supermarkets and farmers market in 2005-2008,a total of 21 species,156 samples,of which 10 kinds of canned fish 72,59 were seven kinds of dried fish,4 kinds of fish 25.Detecting arsenic,lead and cadmium accordance with the GB/T5009.11-2003,GB/T5009.12-2003,GB/T5009.15-2003,understanding the state of pollution in the fish and aquatic products in the heavy metals(Pb,Cd and As);2.Collecting the consumption information about fish,dried fish and canned fish in Haikou City and surrounding areas;3.Determinating the concentration of Pb,Cd and As in fish and aquatic products, estimating PTDI(Provisional tolerated daily intake),calculating the dietary exposure assessment of aquatic products in Haikou City and the surrounding rural areas;4.Understanding and comparing the pollution,the exposure assessment and the limited standards in fish and aquatic products of Pb,Cd and As at home and abroadResult:1.The concentration of lead,cadmium and inorganic arsenic from high to low is dried fish,canned fish and fresh fish,in which the lead concentration are dried fish0.221 mg/kg,canned fish0.091 mg/kg,fresh fish 0.034mg/kg.The concentrations of lead in Canned fish and fresh fish are lower than the national health standard(GB14939-2005)(GB2733-2005),the concentration of lead in 3 dried fish excess the standard(GB10144-2005),unqualification rate is 7.5%. The concentration of Cadmium are dried fish 0.022mg/kg,canned fish0.014 mg /kg,fresh fish 0.004mg/kg,the concentration of Cadmium in canned fish and fish are below the national health standard(GB14939-2005)(GB2733-2005), without cadmium limited standard in dried fish.Inorganic arsenic concentration are dried fish 0.236mg/kg,canned fish 0.053 mg/kg,fresh fish 0.017 mg/ kg,the concentration of inorganic arsenic in fresh fish are lower than National Health Standard(GB2733-2005),7 samples of inorganic arsenic in canned fish exceeded,a failure rate of 9.7%,and there is no the inorganic arsenic limited standard 2.The concentrations of Pb,Cd,As varied significantly in different kinds of fish.In the flesh fish,the tuna contains the highest level of lead,cadmium and inorganic arsenic;the dried eel contains the highest quality of lead,cadmium and inorganic arsenic;In the canned fish,the lead in anchovies,the cadmium in sardines and the inorganic arsenic in tuna,which have higher concentrations.Among the aquatic products,cephalopods have a higher level in lead,cadmium and inorganic arsenic;3.The lead intake of residents(male adult) is 13.8μg/d per person per day from aquatic products,accounting for 6.1%in PTDI;intake of cadmium is 3.3μg/d, accounting for 5.2%of PTDI;intake of inorganic arsenic is 13.6μg/d, accounting for 10.1%of PTDI.Conclusion:1.The concentration of lead,cadmium and inorganic arsenic from high to low is dried fish,canned fish and dried fish,therefore we need to set the different limited standards for fish,canned fish and dried fish.At the same time,adding the standards of canned fish and dried fish is also necessary.It is necessary to consider the factors such as dehydration,salinity by adding ingredients in the process of standard-setting.2.The concentrations of lead,cadmium and inorganic arsenic in flesh fish are not excessive(GB2733-2005);the concentrations of lead and cadmium are under the limited standard of the European Commission,which shows the pollution of fresh fish is not serious at present,but we should think about the danger of increased heavy metals with the increasing pollution of water.The concentration of lead is exceeding in dried eel,which shares of 7.5%,which maybe attribute to dehydration and the environmental pollution,in addition to the age of fish, processing and other factors.The concentrations of lead in remaining fish are below the limits(GB10144-2005).The concentrations of the lead and cadmium in canned fish are under the limited standards,and the pollution is not serious.The pollution level of canned fish is higher than fresh fish,but it can not simply count the concentration according to the dehydration because of materials and containers,influence.3.Comparing to international standards,we are simply classifing,at the same time, standard-setting is not perfect,therefore,we should improve the categories of standard in aquatic products.At present,some of the quality standards and health standards are not uniform,which caused inconvenience to the use and implement of the standard,so we need to amend the only standard in accordance with the new "Food Security Act".4.The residents(male adult) exposed to the lowest level with long-termconsumption of fresh fish and the lower level with long-term consumption of canned fish,but the populations exposed to lead and inorganic arsenic are relatively higher with long-term consumption of dried fish.For the surrounding rural residents in Haikou (male adult),intake of lead Pb,Cr,As in aquatic products are significantly lower than the urban population.5.The intake and PTDI of the surrounding rural population(male adult) are significantly lower than that of urban residents.The per capita consumption of fish and shrimp in coastal cities is significantly higher than that in inland and nearly river-side cities,The per capita consumption of fish and shrimp in the developed and richer inland cities is higher than developing regions.To maximize the protection of population health,it should focus on the exposed level of heavy metals in aquatic in amending the tolerance limit of heavy metal in aquatic products.