Pregnant Women During Pregnancy Nutrition And Appropriate Weight Gain

Objective:To investigate the nutritional status and weight gain data of pregnant women,in order to give them a guidance of maternal care,and obtain optimal curve of maternal body weight change for women in urban Qingdao.Methods:This paper includes two studies.In first investigation,total 242 women from urban residents of Qingdao city were recruited to observe intake of dietary nutrients, body weight changes during gestation and final birth outcomes from September 2007 to February 2009.Dietary data for pregnant women were collected with 24-hour dietary recall method.The body weight was measured before and during gestation, socioeconomic data were inquired with questionnaire and final birth data were recorded for them.The intake of nutrients,the body weight gain of pregnant women in different situation including different age,different pre-pregnancy BMI and different birth weight was analyzed.In second study,total 1165 women in urban Qingdao were investigated for their body weight changes during pregnancy.The body weight was measured before and during gestation.Prenatal care was adopted regularly and final birth outcomes(including birth weight) were noted.The basic situation of pregnant women and the body weight gains during pregnancy were described,the monthly body weight changes of pregnant women with different birth weight were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and q-test.Results:In first investigation,their total energy intake in early pregnancy,the second trimester and the third trimester of pregnancy were 1652kcal,1914kcal,and 2365kcal,respectively,accounting for 78.7%,83.2%and 102.8%of the energy recommended.The dietary protein intake in early pregnancy,the second trimester and the third trimester of pregnancy accounted for 80.2%,83.2%,and 96.8%of the protein recommended.Dietary vitamin A was low,accounting for 75.7%,78.4%and 82.4%of the recommended in different times of pregnancy.Dietary vitamin B₁ was low,accounting for 49.3%,54.7%,and 70.7%of the recommended in different times of pregnancy. Dietary vitamin B₂ was low,accounting for 43.5%,55.9%,and 68.8%of the recommended in different times of pregnancy.Vitamin C basically met the requirement. The intakes of mineral calcium were 56.0%AI,58.6%AI and 54.2%AI in different times of pregnancy.The intakes of iron were 122.2%AI,107.6%AI and 63.9%AI in different times of pregnancy.The average age of pregnant women is 28.1±3.9years,the pre-pregnant weight is 58.14±8.91kg,the pre-pregnant BMI is 22.56±3.06 kg/m².The pregnant women gained an average body change of 15.94±4.88 kg as a whole.For an optimal sub-population,the body weight gain averaged 15.80±4.67 kg among the women who delivered neonates with birth weight within 2500 to 4000g.The body weight gain of women with a pre-pregnancy BMI <18.5 or between 18.5 and 24.0 or between 24.0 and 28.0 is more than those who with a pre-pregnancy BMI >28.0 among the women who delivered neonates with birth weight within 2500 to 4000g.In second study,the average age of pregnant women is 27.5±2.9 years,the pre-pregnant weight is 58.02±8.02kg,pre-pregnant BMI is 22.38±2.85 kg/m².The pregnant women gained an average body change of 16.03±4.85kg as a whole.For an optimal sub-population,the body weight gain averaged 15.77±4.72 kg among the women who delivered neonates with birth weight within 2500 to 4000g.In the third trimester of pregnancy,the monthly body weight gains increase by degrees,which of the pregnant women with different birth weight,such as too low,normal,over weight,P<0.05.The body weight gains of women with a lower pre-pregnancy BMI,or normal,or overweight are higher than that of the obesity among the women who delivered normal birth weight neonates(within 2500 to 4000g),P<0.05.The body weight gain of women whose age less than 30 years old is more than whose age greater than 30 years old.Conelusion:The kind of food is multiplicity,but the nutritional intake of pregnant women is unbalanced in urban Qingdao.Intensifying nutritional education and improving the intake of food from animal source,milk and dairy products are essential.The maternal body gain before delivery in studied women are seemed much more than the recommended value of 12.5kg used up to now.In the third trimester of pregnancy,body weight gains of pregnant women should be monitored seriously.