European German-speaking Herbal Literature And Austrian Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescription Analysis

This study achieves preliminary sorting the literature of European medicinal herbs,especially german literatures and analysis of the rule of Chinese medicine prescriptions from Austrian. This thesis includes following three parts.Documents reviewThis part summarizes the application and administration of European herbal medicine as well as Chinese materia medica in Europe especially in Germany and Austrian.Literature of European medicinal herbsThis part sorting the literature of medicinal herbs(especially the german speaking countries: Germany Austrian and Switzerland)and summing up characterizes of medicinal herbs in different historical periods as well as the succession and development.It concludes that,the development of European medicinal herbs is a process from rising to flourishing,flourishing to falling,rising again in last decades.In this part of the thesis we investigate the development history of European herb medicine. We present some important works in European herb medicine.For examples,De Materia medica is a book finished in 64BC.With pictures is this book easy for beginners.Lorscher Arzneibuch is a book finished in 8 century in Germany.It's the first german medicinal book about medicinal herbs and prescriptions.Circa instans is a book finished in 12 century.It affords the pharmacopoeia-like standards for medicinals herbs.Dispensatorium,which was published in 1535,is confirmed in 1542 to be the first official pharmacopoeia Dispensatorium Noricum by Nuremberg council.There are some books have the same name "New Kreuterbuch" in Renaissance but from different authors.The pioneer is the New Kreuterbuch from Leonhart Fuchs in 1543.But the most important one is the New Kreuterbuch from Jaconus Theodorus in 1588.It records about 3000 medicinal herbs.Another characterize of development of European herbal medicine is that,the breed indentification of medicinal herbs are attached important to from beginning of appearance of professional literatures.In order to find out more application information about herbal medicine we select 20 kinds of medicinal herbs like arnica,agrimony,calendula,echinacea and so on to make the further researches.Those medicinal herbs have long application history or are the important herb medicine at present in European market.Some of them are also introduced into china a long time ago and are parts of Chinese materia medica.The study includes the items of breeds, characterize of plants,functions,preparations,dosage,modem researches as well as the comparison with some Chinese medicine.The results are followed:1 Nearly all the literatures portray the identification of breeds first,follow with functions and others.2 The functions of European medicinal herbs are from records and summarizes of abundance experiments.It falls down slowly in new times might be caused of lack of systematic theory. The functions of Chinese medicinal herbs are also from the conclusion of experiments.With the solid theory of Chinese medicine they are well succeeded.3 European herbal medicine has a long history,some functions of medicinal herbs are valuable.For examples,St Johan's wort for curing depression,melisse for curing angitation, nervous headache and heart diseases and so on.Those afford us the preliminary knowledge of European medicinal herbs and also the clue for developing new varieties for Chinese medicine.Analysis of chinese medicine prescriptions from Austrian.This part is begun with an investigation via questionnaire in Germany and Austrian on purpose to get the simple information about the application of Chinese medicine in Germany and Austrian.The questionnaire includes the ages and genders of the main patients,the main fields of applications,origins of prescriptions,dosage of prescriptions,application of prescriptions and so on.It helps us to analyze the prescription from an Austrian pharmacy.The study is followed with the analysis of 235 prescriptions from Austrian.The analysis includes the main gender of patients,format of prescriptions,dosage of prescriptions,course of treatment and so on.The results are followed:1 In Austrian there are more female patients chose Chinese medicine.The rate is 82.6%.2 Prescriptions are written in Pinyin names as well as latin names.It shows that the Austrian doctors put more attention to breed of drugs.Some Chinese drugs have many varieties under one name.The characterizes of different varieties are different.We can use this for reference in prescriptions in China in the future.3 All the prescriptions in pharmacy are recorded in computer without diagnose records.4 Some prescriptions are with physician orders.For example,"take with black tea when headach appears","take from the half of periods,stop after 14 days" and so on.They are worthy of referring for doctors in China.5 The most frequent use drugs are Radix Glycyrrhizae,Radix Peoniae alba,Phizoma Astractylodis macrocephalae,Radix Angelicae sinensis,Poria,Radix Salviae miltiorrhizae, Radix Aucklandiae,Semen Ziziphi spinosae and Rhizoma Chuangxiong.6 The doages of all the drugs are limited with Chinese pharmacopoeia.The course of treatment are mainly 4 to 14 days.It guides us for further study of clinical Chinese medicine in Austrian.To sum up,this thesis reviews the application and administration of European herbal medicine. It offers the reference for the administration rules of Chinese drugs in China.For the first time this thesis list the development of german literature of herbal medicine systematically.It's also the first time to analyze the Chinese medicine prescription from Austrian Chinese medicine doctors.It affords the researchers in China the knowledge of history and current status of European herbal medicine and the reference to how to develop Chinese medicine in Europe and develop the standardization of prescriptions in China.