| The clinical syndrome of heart failure is the final pathway for myriad diseases that affect the heart. Ischemic heart disease and hypertension account for most cases for heart failure. Since the mid-1990s, discoveries from basic research and findings from key clinical trials have resulted in considerable changes in the scope of therapies available and the continuing advancement of our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of heart failure. In this article, we highlight these new developments in epidemiology, mechanism, diagnosis and treatment of heart failure and conclude the experiences of my director in combination treatment of west medicine and traditional Chinese medicine. |
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